One-week administration of hydroxytyrosol to humans does not activate Phase II enzymes

The notion that (poly)phenols act as direct free radical scavengers is being challenged by mere chemical and biochemical considerations such as bioavailability and intracellular concentrations. An alternative hypothesis that is gaining considerable traction is that (poly)phenols are processed by the...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Crespo, María del Carmen, Tomé-Carneiro, Joao, Burgos Ramos, Emma, Loria Kohen, Viviana, Espinosa, Maria Isabel, Herranz, Jesús, Visioli, Francesco
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2015
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Repositorio:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
OAI Identifier:oai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/9831
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10578/9831
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Hydroxytyrosol
Inflammation
Phase II enzymes
Nrf2
Cardiovascular disease
Mediterranean dieta
Descripción
Sumario:The notion that (poly)phenols act as direct free radical scavengers is being challenged by mere chemical and biochemical considerations such as bioavailability and intracellular concentrations. An alternative hypothesis that is gaining considerable traction is that (poly)phenols are processed by the body as xenobiotics via the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling axis, leading to the induction of Phase II enzymes. However, there are no solid human data to confirm this interesting supposition. In this study, we tested the activities of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on Phase II enzymes expression in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. We tested two HT doses, i.e. 5 and 25mg/d, vs. placebo following a Latin square design. We report that HT is well tolerated but does not significantly modify Phase II enzyme expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Moreover, we were unable to record significant effects on a variety of surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease such as lipid profile and inflammation and oxidation markers. Available evidence indicates that the hormesis hypothesis that (poly)phenols activate Phase II enzymes requires solid human confirmation that might be provided by future trials. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02273622).