Study of wash-induced performance variability in embroidered antenna sensors for physiological monitoring

This paper presents a study on the repeatability of washing effects on two antenna-based sensors for breathing monitoring. One sensor is an embroidered meander antenna-based sensor integrated into a T-shirt, and the other is a loop antenna integrated into a belt. Both sensors were subjected to five...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: El Gharbi, Mariam|||0000-0002-6681-3907, Abounasr, Jamal, Fernández García, Raúl|||0000-0002-4030-7256, Gil Galí, Ignacio|||0000-0002-7175-5756
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/431933
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/431933
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics14102084
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:E-textiles
Antenna-based sensor
Washing
Breathing monitoring
Stretching conditions
Breathing patterns
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria tèxtil::Teixits::Teixits intel·ligents
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònica::Instrumentació i mesura
Descripción
Sumario:This paper presents a study on the repeatability of washing effects on two antenna-based sensors for breathing monitoring. One sensor is an embroidered meander antenna-based sensor integrated into a T-shirt, and the other is a loop antenna integrated into a belt. Both sensors were subjected to five washing cycles, and their performance was assessed after each wash. The embroidered meander antenna was specifically compared before and after washing to monitor a male volunteer’s different breathing patterns, that is, eupnea, apnea, hypopnea, and hyperpnea. Stretching tests were also conducted to evaluate the impact of mechanical deformation on sensor behavior. The results highlight the changes in sensor performance across multiple washes and stretching conditions, offering insights into the durability and reliability of these embroidered and loop antennas for practical applications in wearable health monitoring. The findings emphasize the importance of considering both washing and mechanical stress in the design of robust antenna-based sensors.