Review on power routing techniques and converter losses model for VSC-based power router

In this work, a comprehensive literature review on power-routing devices is presented, outlining their current design principles and potential uses. Additionally, a comprehensive loss model for Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) in the context of power routers (PRs), a promising technology for enh...

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Autores: Gadelha Teixeira Filho, Vinicius, Soares Vila Luz, João, Saldaña González, Antonio Emmanuel|||0000-0002-5708-2049, Sumper, Andreas|||0000-0002-5628-1660
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:upcommonspor::80a0e32748fc40d497992e76ad47640c
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/462427
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity7010005
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Power router
Energy router
Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)
Converter losses
Power electronics
Smart grid
Efficiency analysis
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònica::Electrònica de potència
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spelling Review on power routing techniques and converter losses model for VSC-based power routerGadelha Teixeira Filho, ViniciusSoares Vila Luz, JoãoSaldaña González, Antonio Emmanuel|||0000-0002-5708-2049Sumper, Andreas|||0000-0002-5628-1660Power routerEnergy routerModular Multilevel Converter (MMC)Converter lossesPower electronicsSmart gridEfficiency analysisÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònica::Electrònica de potènciaIn this work, a comprehensive literature review on power-routing devices is presented, outlining their current design principles and potential uses. Additionally, a comprehensive loss model for Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) in the context of power routers (PRs), a promising technology for enhancing flexibility and efficiency in future smart and hybrid AC–DC grids. Despite their potential, large-scale PR deployment is still limited by the lack of accurate and validated loss models. To address this gap, a detailed analytical model based on the Marquardt approach is proposed, capturing both conduction and switching losses in converter-based PRs. The model is validated through analytical comparison and PLECS simulations, showing strong agreement with theoretical and experimental data. Four case studies are presented to assess the effect of parameters such as power factor, active and reactive power, and the number of submodules on the overall converter losses. The results demonstrate that PR efficiency improves with optimized converter design and proper parameter selection.This work was part of the project PLATON funded by the European Union (NextGenera- tionEU) and the Ministry for Digital Transformation and Public Administration, under the UNICO I + D Cloud call (Grant No. TSI-063100-2022-010), corresponding to the project “Federated Machine Learning for Electrical Distribution Networks” at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. This work was also part of the I+D+i project OPERA (Operation and Planning tools for Enabling Renewable distribution systems Acceleration based on emerging technologies for sustainable computing) with reference PID2024-160822OB-I00 funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades from Spain. The work of Andreas Sumper was supported by the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Academia Program.Peer Reviewed20262026-03-0120262026-05-22journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/462427https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity7010005reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:upcommonspor::80a0e32748fc40d497992e76ad47640c2026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Review on power routing techniques and converter losses model for VSC-based power router
title Review on power routing techniques and converter losses model for VSC-based power router
spellingShingle Review on power routing techniques and converter losses model for VSC-based power router
Gadelha Teixeira Filho, Vinicius
Power router
Energy router
Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)
Converter losses
Power electronics
Smart grid
Efficiency analysis
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònica::Electrònica de potència
title_short Review on power routing techniques and converter losses model for VSC-based power router
title_full Review on power routing techniques and converter losses model for VSC-based power router
title_fullStr Review on power routing techniques and converter losses model for VSC-based power router
title_full_unstemmed Review on power routing techniques and converter losses model for VSC-based power router
title_sort Review on power routing techniques and converter losses model for VSC-based power router
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Gadelha Teixeira Filho, Vinicius
Soares Vila Luz, João
Saldaña González, Antonio Emmanuel|||0000-0002-5708-2049
Sumper, Andreas|||0000-0002-5628-1660
author Gadelha Teixeira Filho, Vinicius
author_facet Gadelha Teixeira Filho, Vinicius
Soares Vila Luz, João
Saldaña González, Antonio Emmanuel|||0000-0002-5708-2049
Sumper, Andreas|||0000-0002-5628-1660
author_role author
author2 Soares Vila Luz, João
Saldaña González, Antonio Emmanuel|||0000-0002-5708-2049
Sumper, Andreas|||0000-0002-5628-1660
author2_role author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Power router
Energy router
Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)
Converter losses
Power electronics
Smart grid
Efficiency analysis
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònica::Electrònica de potència
topic Power router
Energy router
Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)
Converter losses
Power electronics
Smart grid
Efficiency analysis
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònica::Electrònica de potència
description In this work, a comprehensive literature review on power-routing devices is presented, outlining their current design principles and potential uses. Additionally, a comprehensive loss model for Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) in the context of power routers (PRs), a promising technology for enhancing flexibility and efficiency in future smart and hybrid AC–DC grids. Despite their potential, large-scale PR deployment is still limited by the lack of accurate and validated loss models. To address this gap, a detailed analytical model based on the Marquardt approach is proposed, capturing both conduction and switching losses in converter-based PRs. The model is validated through analytical comparison and PLECS simulations, showing strong agreement with theoretical and experimental data. Four case studies are presented to assess the effect of parameters such as power factor, active and reactive power, and the number of submodules on the overall converter losses. The results demonstrate that PR efficiency improves with optimized converter design and proper parameter selection.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026-03-01
2026
2026-05-22
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/462427
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity7010005
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/462427
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity7010005
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.812429

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