Study of intermodulation in RF MEMS variable capacitors

This paper provides a rigorous study of the causes and physical origins of intermodulation distortion (IMD) in RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) capacitors, its analytical dependence on the MEMS device design parameters, and its effects in RF systems. It is shown that not only third-order pro...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Girbau Sala, David, Otegi Urdanpilleta, Nerea, Pradell i Cara, Lluís|||0000-0003-4026-226X, Lázaro Guillén, Antoni
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2006
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/1024
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/1024
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems)
Microwave circuits
Capacitors
Intermodulation ensemble
Varactors
Intermodulation distortion
Micromechanical devices
MEMS varactors
RF MEMS variable capacitor
Frequency-dependent IMD model
Harmonic balance
Microelectromechanical systems
Mobile membrane
Nonlinear dependence
nonlinear membrane displacement
Reflection coefficient phase
Self-actuation
Two-tone IMD measurement
Díodes
Sistemes microelectromecànics
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Circuits de microones, radiofreqüència i ones mil·limètriques
Descripción
Sumario:This paper provides a rigorous study of the causes and physical origins of intermodulation distortion (IMD) in RF microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) capacitors, its analytical dependence on the MEMS device design parameters, and its effects in RF systems. It is shown that not only third-order products exist, but also fifth order and higher. The high-order terms are mainly originated by the nonlinear membrane displacement versus applied voltage and, in the case considered in this study, with an additional contribution from the nonlinear dependence of the reflection coefficient phase on the displacement. It is also shown that the displacement nonlinear behavior also contributes to the total mean position of the membrane. In order to study these effects in depth, an analytical frequency-dependent IMD model for RF MEMS based on a mobile membrane is proposed and particularized to the case of a MEMS varactor-a device for which IMD can be significant. The model is validated, up to the fifth order, theoretically (using harmonic balance) and empirically (the IMD of a MEMS varactor is measured). To this end, a two-tone IMD reflection measurement system for MEMS is proposed.