Obesity and the gut microbiota: implications of neuroendocrine and immune signaling

Obesity is a major health challenge due to its high prevalence and associated comorbidities. The excessive intake of a diet rich in fat and sugars leads to a persistent imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, which increases adiposity. Here, we provide an update on relevant diet-micr...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Romaní Pérez, Marina, Líebana García, Rebeca, Flor Duro, Alejandra, Bonillo Jiménez, Daniel, Bullich Vilarrubias, Clara, Olivares, Marta, Sanz Herranz, Yolanda
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/366369
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/366369
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85201413065
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Diet
Enteroendocrine hormones
Gut microbiota
Inflammation
Obesity
obesity
inflammation
diet
gastrointestinal hormones
Descripción
Sumario:Obesity is a major health challenge due to its high prevalence and associated comorbidities. The excessive intake of a diet rich in fat and sugars leads to a persistent imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, which increases adiposity. Here, we provide an update on relevant diet-microbe-host interactions contributing to or protecting from obesity. In particular, we focus on how unhealthy diets shape the gut microbiota and thus impact crucial intestinal neuroendocrine and immune system functions. We describe how these interactions promote dysfunction in gut-to-brain neuroendocrine pathways involved in food intake control and postprandial metabolism and elevate the intestinal proinflammatory tone, promoting obesity and metabolic complications. In addition, we provide examples of how this knowledge may inspire microbiome-based interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplants, probiotics, and biotherapeutics, to effectively combat obesity-related disorders. We also discuss the current limitations and gaps in knowledge of gut microbiota research in obesity.