Protection Against Transplacental Transmission of a Highly Virulent Classical Swine Fever Virus Two Weeks After Single-Dose FlagT4G Vaccination in Pregnant Sows

Background/Objectives: Classical swine fever (CSF) continues to challenge global eradication efforts, particularly in endemic regions, where pregnant sows face heightened risks of vertical transmission following exposure to CSFV. Methods: This study evaluates the early protective efficacy of FlagT4G...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Coronado, Liani, Cobos, Àlex, Muñoz-Aguilera, Adriana, Puente Marin, Sara, Guevara, Gemma, Riquelme, Cristina, Heredia, Saray, Borca, Manuel V., Ganges, Llilianne
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)
Repositorio:IRTA Pubpro. Open Digital Archive
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:irtapubpro__::64e973f844306dcccfdc925cd29a841b
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12327/4798
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13080803
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:619
Descripción
Sumario:Background/Objectives: Classical swine fever (CSF) continues to challenge global eradication efforts, particularly in endemic regions, where pregnant sows face heightened risks of vertical transmission following exposure to CSFV. Methods: This study evaluates the early protective efficacy of FlagT4G, a novel live attenuated DIVA-compatible vaccine. Pregnant sows were vaccinated at mid-gestation and challenged 14 days later with a highly virulent CSFV strain. Results: FlagT4G conferred complete clinical protection, preventing both maternal viremia and transplacental transmission. No CSFV RNA, specific antibodies, or IFN-α were detected in fetal samples from vaccinated animals. In contrast, unvaccinated sows exhibited clinical signs, high viral loads, and widespread fetal infection. Interestingly, early protection was observed even in the absence of strong humoral responses in some vaccinated sows, suggesting a potential role for innate or T-cell-mediated immunity in conferring rapid protection. Conclusions: The demonstrated efficacy of FlagT4G within two weeks of vaccination underscores its feasibility for integration into emergency vaccination programs. Its DIVA compatibility and ability to induce early fetal protection against highly virulent CSFV strains position it as a promising tool for CSF control and eradication strategies.