Prebióticos y obesidad ¿relación simbiótica?
The exorbitant increase in overweight and obesity worldwide has put the scientific community in search of alternative therapeutic targets to the unsuccessful energy restrictions. Advances in genetic sequencing in recent years, have made the microbiota take on a special role in human health, its invo...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis de maestría |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2021 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) |
| Repositorio: | O2, repositorio institucional de la UOC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:openaccess.uoc.edu:10609/133797 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10609/133797 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | microbiota intestinal saciedad apetito obesidad sobrepeso prebióticos gut microbiota satiety appetite overweight prebiotics sacietat apetit obesitat sobrepès prebiòtics Nutrition -- TFM Nutrició -- TFM Nutrición -- TFM |
| Sumario: | The exorbitant increase in overweight and obesity worldwide has put the scientific community in search of alternative therapeutic targets to the unsuccessful energy restrictions. Advances in genetic sequencing in recent years, have made the microbiota take on a special role in human health, its involvement with obesity being demonstrated through various studies. New lifestyles based on diets high in fat and sugar and low in dietary fiber have contributed to modifying the diversity of the microbiota with consequences in our health. Dietary fiber is the substrate from which the intestinal microbiota is nourished through anaerobic fermentation in the colon, being attributed the ability to modulate it. Prebiotic go one step further: they carry out a "selective" modification, influencing certain taxa assuming a key to obtain precise results in specific bacterial groups. There are several studies that link the consumption of prebiotics with favorable changes in overweight and obesity: reduction of body weight and fat mass, control of appetite/satiety and improvement of biochemical variables such as insulin sensitive, blood glucose¿ Several mechanisms have been suggested to obtain these results such as the production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA), the stimulation of gastrointestinal hormones, chronic low-grade inflammation, the metabolism of lipoproteins and bile acids, increase in the tone of the endocannabinoid receptor system¿ but there¿s not a solid thing established yet to justify it. Most of the studies are carry out on animals and those carried out on humans are limited in time and in the numbers of volunteers. Besides, it is important to take into account individual variations in answers: the initial microbiota will determine what is fermented and how quickly it is done. Despite the lack of stronger studies that help link the mechanisms by which prebiotic fibers have a positive impact on weight control, the demonstrated benefits place them as key health-promoting tool. |
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