The Path of African Millets (Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) to Iberia

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is the most widely cultivated millet in Africa and India but has not yet been identified in Europe, while the earliest remains of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) are attested in Italy in the fifth century AD. This paper presents evidence that pearl millet was introduced t...

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Autores: Pérez Jordá, Guillem, Peña-Chocarro, Leonor, Sabato, Diego, Peralta-Gómez, Antonio, Ribera Gómez, Agustí, García Borja, Pablo, Negre, Joan, Martín Civantos, Jose María
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/370788
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/370788
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Medieval
Archaeobotany
Pearl millet
Sorghum
Agriculture
Archaeology
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spelling The Path of African Millets (Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) to IberiaPérez Jordá, GuillemPeña-Chocarro, LeonorSabato, DiegoPeralta-Gómez, AntonioRibera Gómez, AgustíGarcía Borja, PabloNegre, JoanMartín Civantos, Jose MaríaMedievalArchaeobotanyPearl milletSorghumAgricultureArchaeologyPearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is the most widely cultivated millet in Africa and India but has not yet been identified in Europe, while the earliest remains of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) are attested in Italy in the fifth century AD. This paper presents evidence that pearl millet was introduced to Iberia during the 11th–12th centuries AD. This is the first documented evidence for this African crop in Europe. Sorghum, on the other hand, appears as a later introduction (14th century AD) in Iberia. We present archaeobotanical data from eight Andalusi sites in Valencia and Andalucía (southern Iberia) where both crops have been found. We have also examined medieval textual data where references to pearl millet appeared to be absent, and we conclude that the word “dacsa”, currently used to refer to sorghum, should be understood as a reference to pearl millet. From the 16th century onwards, this term was given to maize, when the American cereal replaced the African millets.This research has received support from the following projects: Medieval Appetites: plant foods in multicultural Iberia (500-1100 AD)—MEDAPP, funded by the European Research Council (grant no. ERC-AdG2021, 101054883); and Uso y función de las cuevas-granero peninsulares: una aproximación a partir de la arqueobotánica—CUGRABOT (grant no. PID2021-127936NB-I00), both coordinated by L.P.-C.; A.P.G. worked under a pre-doctoral scholarship from the MEDAPP project (ERC-AdG2021, 101054883).Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteEuropean Research CouncilAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2024202420242024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/370788reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-127936NB-I00info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101054883The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102375https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102375Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3707882026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Path of African Millets (Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) to Iberia
title The Path of African Millets (Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) to Iberia
spellingShingle The Path of African Millets (Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) to Iberia
Pérez Jordá, Guillem
Medieval
Archaeobotany
Pearl millet
Sorghum
Agriculture
Archaeology
title_short The Path of African Millets (Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) to Iberia
title_full The Path of African Millets (Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) to Iberia
title_fullStr The Path of African Millets (Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) to Iberia
title_full_unstemmed The Path of African Millets (Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) to Iberia
title_sort The Path of African Millets (Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor) to Iberia
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pérez Jordá, Guillem
Peña-Chocarro, Leonor
Sabato, Diego
Peralta-Gómez, Antonio
Ribera Gómez, Agustí
García Borja, Pablo
Negre, Joan
Martín Civantos, Jose María
author Pérez Jordá, Guillem
author_facet Pérez Jordá, Guillem
Peña-Chocarro, Leonor
Sabato, Diego
Peralta-Gómez, Antonio
Ribera Gómez, Agustí
García Borja, Pablo
Negre, Joan
Martín Civantos, Jose María
author_role author
author2 Peña-Chocarro, Leonor
Sabato, Diego
Peralta-Gómez, Antonio
Ribera Gómez, Agustí
García Borja, Pablo
Negre, Joan
Martín Civantos, Jose María
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Research Council
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Medieval
Archaeobotany
Pearl millet
Sorghum
Agriculture
Archaeology
topic Medieval
Archaeobotany
Pearl millet
Sorghum
Agriculture
Archaeology
description Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is the most widely cultivated millet in Africa and India but has not yet been identified in Europe, while the earliest remains of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) are attested in Italy in the fifth century AD. This paper presents evidence that pearl millet was introduced to Iberia during the 11th–12th centuries AD. This is the first documented evidence for this African crop in Europe. Sorghum, on the other hand, appears as a later introduction (14th century AD) in Iberia. We present archaeobotanical data from eight Andalusi sites in Valencia and Andalucía (southern Iberia) where both crops have been found. We have also examined medieval textual data where references to pearl millet appeared to be absent, and we conclude that the word “dacsa”, currently used to refer to sorghum, should be understood as a reference to pearl millet. From the 16th century onwards, this term was given to maize, when the American cereal replaced the African millets.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/370788
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/370788
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-127936NB-I00
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101054883
The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102375
https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14102375
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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