Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production

This study examined how pH hydrolysis affects the recovery process for antimony extracted from spent electrolytes. Various OH⁻ reagents were used to adjust the pH levels. The findings reveal that pH plays a crucial role in determining the optimal conditions for extracting antimony. The results show...

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Autores: Díaz Gutiérrez, Eduardo, Maldonado Calvo, José A., Gallardo Fuentes, José María, Paúl Escolano, Antonio
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:idus.us.es:11441/158001
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/158001
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16113918
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Antimony metallurgy
Antimony oxychloride
Hydrolysis
Copper electrorefining
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spelling Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper ProductionDíaz Gutiérrez, EduardoMaldonado Calvo, José A.Gallardo Fuentes, José MaríaPaúl Escolano, AntonioAntimony metallurgyAntimony oxychlorideHydrolysisCopper electrorefiningThis study examined how pH hydrolysis affects the recovery process for antimony extracted from spent electrolytes. Various OH⁻ reagents were used to adjust the pH levels. The findings reveal that pH plays a crucial role in determining the optimal conditions for extracting antimony. The results show that NH₄OH and NaOH are more effective compared to water, with optimal conditions at pH 0.5 for water and pH 1 for NH₄OH and NaOH, resulting in average antimony extraction yields of 90.4%, 96.1%, and 96.7%, respectively. Furthermore, this approach helps to improve both crystallography and purity related to recovered antimony samples obtained through recycling processes. The solid precipitates obtained lack a crystalline structure, making it difficult to identify the compounds formed, but element concentrations suggest the presence of oxychloride or oxide compounds. Arsenic is incorporated into all solids, affecting the purity of the product, and water showing higher antimony content (68.38%) and lower arsenic values (8%) compared to NaOH and NH₄OH. Bismuth integration into solids is less than arsenic (less than 2%) and remains unaffected by pH levels except in tests with water, where a bismuth hydrolysis product is identified at pH 1, accounting for the observed reduction in antimony extraction yields.MDPIIngeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del TransporteTEP973: Tecnología de Polvos y CorrosiónTEP123: Metalurgia e Ingeniería de los MaterialesEuropean Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)2023info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/158001https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16113918reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevillainstname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)InglésMaterials, 16 (11), 3918.POCTEP 2014–2020https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/11/3918info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:idus.us.es:11441/1580012026-06-17T12:51:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production
title Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production
spellingShingle Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production
Díaz Gutiérrez, Eduardo
Antimony metallurgy
Antimony oxychloride
Hydrolysis
Copper electrorefining
title_short Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production
title_full Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production
title_fullStr Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production
title_full_unstemmed Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production
title_sort Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Díaz Gutiérrez, Eduardo
Maldonado Calvo, José A.
Gallardo Fuentes, José María
Paúl Escolano, Antonio
author Díaz Gutiérrez, Eduardo
author_facet Díaz Gutiérrez, Eduardo
Maldonado Calvo, José A.
Gallardo Fuentes, José María
Paúl Escolano, Antonio
author_role author
author2 Maldonado Calvo, José A.
Gallardo Fuentes, José María
Paúl Escolano, Antonio
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte
TEP973: Tecnología de Polvos y Corrosión
TEP123: Metalurgia e Ingeniería de los Materiales
European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Antimony metallurgy
Antimony oxychloride
Hydrolysis
Copper electrorefining
topic Antimony metallurgy
Antimony oxychloride
Hydrolysis
Copper electrorefining
description This study examined how pH hydrolysis affects the recovery process for antimony extracted from spent electrolytes. Various OH⁻ reagents were used to adjust the pH levels. The findings reveal that pH plays a crucial role in determining the optimal conditions for extracting antimony. The results show that NH₄OH and NaOH are more effective compared to water, with optimal conditions at pH 0.5 for water and pH 1 for NH₄OH and NaOH, resulting in average antimony extraction yields of 90.4%, 96.1%, and 96.7%, respectively. Furthermore, this approach helps to improve both crystallography and purity related to recovered antimony samples obtained through recycling processes. The solid precipitates obtained lack a crystalline structure, making it difficult to identify the compounds formed, but element concentrations suggest the presence of oxychloride or oxide compounds. Arsenic is incorporated into all solids, affecting the purity of the product, and water showing higher antimony content (68.38%) and lower arsenic values (8%) compared to NaOH and NH₄OH. Bismuth integration into solids is less than arsenic (less than 2%) and remains unaffected by pH levels except in tests with water, where a bismuth hydrolysis product is identified at pH 1, accounting for the observed reduction in antimony extraction yields.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11441/158001
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16113918
url https://hdl.handle.net/11441/158001
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16113918
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Materials, 16 (11), 3918.
POCTEP 2014–2020
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/11/3918
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
instname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
instname_str Universidad de Sevilla (US)
reponame_str idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
collection idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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