Limits of measurable perturbation rate in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR
Time-expanded phase-sensitive (TE-)ΦOTDR has emerged as a novel distributed acoustic sensing technology that fills the performance gap between typical ΦOTDR and OFDR. Centimeter resolution over kilometer range with kHz sampling rate have been made readily available, while demanding a reduced MHz det...
| Autores: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2024 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Alcalá (UAH) |
| Repositorio: | e_Buah Biblioteca Digital Universidad de Alcalá |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/65339 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10017/65339 https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3426036 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Rayleigh scattering Dual frequency comb Phase modulation Dynamic range Distributed acoustic sensing Electrónica Electronics |
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| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Limits of measurable perturbation rate in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR |
| title |
Limits of measurable perturbation rate in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR |
| spellingShingle |
Limits of measurable perturbation rate in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR Escobar Vera, Camilo José Rayleigh scattering Dual frequency comb Phase modulation Dynamic range Distributed acoustic sensing Electrónica Electronics |
| title_short |
Limits of measurable perturbation rate in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR |
| title_full |
Limits of measurable perturbation rate in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR |
| title_fullStr |
Limits of measurable perturbation rate in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Limits of measurable perturbation rate in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR |
| title_sort |
Limits of measurable perturbation rate in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Escobar Vera, Camilo José Soriano Amat, Miguel|||0000-0002-4819-3898 Martín López, Sonia|||0000-0001-5203-6206 González Herráez, Miguel|||0000-0003-2555-2971 Fernández Ruiz, María del Rosario|||0000-0003-3561-2405 |
| author |
Escobar Vera, Camilo José |
| author_facet |
Escobar Vera, Camilo José Soriano Amat, Miguel|||0000-0002-4819-3898 Martín López, Sonia|||0000-0001-5203-6206 González Herráez, Miguel|||0000-0003-2555-2971 Fernández Ruiz, María del Rosario|||0000-0003-3561-2405 |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Soriano Amat, Miguel|||0000-0002-4819-3898 Martín López, Sonia|||0000-0001-5203-6206 González Herráez, Miguel|||0000-0003-2555-2971 Fernández Ruiz, María del Rosario|||0000-0003-3561-2405 |
| author2_role |
author author author author |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Rayleigh scattering Dual frequency comb Phase modulation Dynamic range Distributed acoustic sensing Electrónica Electronics |
| topic |
Rayleigh scattering Dual frequency comb Phase modulation Dynamic range Distributed acoustic sensing Electrónica Electronics |
| description |
Time-expanded phase-sensitive (TE-)ΦOTDR has emerged as a novel distributed acoustic sensing technology that fills the performance gap between typical ΦOTDR and OFDR. Centimeter resolution over kilometer range with kHz sampling rate have been made readily available, while demanding a reduced MHz detection bandwidth. This particular performance makes use of a specialty dual frequency comb, where one comb is used as probe and the other one as reference, and their repetition rates have a quasi-integerratio (QIR). In this work, we perform, for the first time to our knowledge, a comprehensive analysis of the limits of measurable perturbation (comprising the dynamic range) of TE-ΦOTDR, paying special attention to the QIR scheme. We show that the dynamic range of regular TE-ΦOTDR is similar to that of typical phase-demodulation ΦOTDR. However, the particularities of the QIR scheme intrinsically reduce the dynamic range. We set the conditions to determine the maximum detectable perturbation based on the Carson's rule. The minimum measurable perturbation in the QIR scheme is related to the processing noise induced by the sample reordering in a time-varying fiber. Finally, we present a novel post-processing algorithm that mitigates such processing noise, hence improving the sensitivity (and therefore the dynamic range). With the proposed processing method, we experimentally demonstrate a fourfold improvement in performance of the QIR system with respect to the state of the art, delivering an impressive sensing rate of 108 interrogated points per second with a sensitivity of −44 dB ref. 1μεε2/Hz and a detection bandwidth of only 100 MHz. |
| publishDate |
2024 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2024 2024-07-11 |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
journal article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 NA http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43 |
| dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| format |
article |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/65339 https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3426036 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10017/65339 https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3426036 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés eng |
| language_invalid_str_mv |
Inglés |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 Not available PLEC2021-007875 SISTEMA DE MONITORIZACION PARA LA PROTECCION Y MANTENIMIENTO PREDICTIVO DE INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE CABLE SUBMARINO Agencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 CPP2021-008869 TECNOLOGIAS FOTONICAS MAS RENTABLES PARA LA MONITORIZACION REMOTA DE LA SISMICIDAD EN ALMACENES GEOLOGICOS DE ZONAS MARINAS PARA LA TRANSICION ENERGETICA Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PID2021-128000OB-C21 Agencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PID2022-140963OA-I00 SONDAS PARA INSTRUMENTACION INTELIGENTE BASADAS EN SENSADO ACUSTICO DISTRIBUIDO DE TIEMPO EXPANDIDO European Commission http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 Horizon Europe Framework Programme 101098992 Tsunami early warning System using Availableseafloor Fiber cablEs European Commission http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 Horizon Europe Framework Programme 101095055 SUBMarine cablEs for ReSearch and Exploration Agencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PCI2023-145978-2 INDUSTRIAL UPSCALE OF SURFACE PROTECTION SYSTEM AND FIBRE OPTIC-BASED CONDITION MONITORING FOR THE SEASNAKE MVC (MEDIUM VOLTAGE CABLES) |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv |
open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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open access http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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IEEE |
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IEEE |
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reponame:e_Buah Biblioteca Digital Universidad de Alcalá instname:Universidad de Alcalá (UAH) |
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Universidad de Alcalá (UAH) |
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e_Buah Biblioteca Digital Universidad de Alcalá |
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e_Buah Biblioteca Digital Universidad de Alcalá |
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1869411392043352064 |
| spelling |
Limits of measurable perturbation rate in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDREscobar Vera, Camilo JoséSoriano Amat, Miguel|||0000-0002-4819-3898Martín López, Sonia|||0000-0001-5203-6206González Herráez, Miguel|||0000-0003-2555-2971Fernández Ruiz, María del Rosario|||0000-0003-3561-2405Rayleigh scatteringDual frequency combPhase modulationDynamic rangeDistributed acoustic sensingElectrónicaElectronicsTime-expanded phase-sensitive (TE-)ΦOTDR has emerged as a novel distributed acoustic sensing technology that fills the performance gap between typical ΦOTDR and OFDR. Centimeter resolution over kilometer range with kHz sampling rate have been made readily available, while demanding a reduced MHz detection bandwidth. This particular performance makes use of a specialty dual frequency comb, where one comb is used as probe and the other one as reference, and their repetition rates have a quasi-integerratio (QIR). In this work, we perform, for the first time to our knowledge, a comprehensive analysis of the limits of measurable perturbation (comprising the dynamic range) of TE-ΦOTDR, paying special attention to the QIR scheme. We show that the dynamic range of regular TE-ΦOTDR is similar to that of typical phase-demodulation ΦOTDR. However, the particularities of the QIR scheme intrinsically reduce the dynamic range. We set the conditions to determine the maximum detectable perturbation based on the Carson's rule. The minimum measurable perturbation in the QIR scheme is related to the processing noise induced by the sample reordering in a time-varying fiber. Finally, we present a novel post-processing algorithm that mitigates such processing noise, hence improving the sensitivity (and therefore the dynamic range). With the proposed processing method, we experimentally demonstrate a fourfold improvement in performance of the QIR system with respect to the state of the art, delivering an impressive sensing rate of 108 interrogated points per second with a sensitivity of −44 dB ref. 1μεε2/Hz and a detection bandwidth of only 100 MHz.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónEuropean CommissionIEEE20242024-07-11journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10017/65339https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3426036reponame:e_Buah Biblioteca Digital Universidad de Alcaláinstname:Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)InglésengMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 Not available PLEC2021-007875 SISTEMA DE MONITORIZACION PARA LA PROTECCION Y MANTENIMIENTO PREDICTIVO DE INFRAESTRUCTURAS DE CABLE SUBMARINOAgencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 CPP2021-008869 TECNOLOGIAS FOTONICAS MAS RENTABLES PARA LA MONITORIZACION REMOTA DE LA SISMICIDAD EN ALMACENES GEOLOGICOS DE ZONAS MARINAS PARA LA TRANSICION ENERGETICAMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PID2021-128000OB-C21Agencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PID2022-140963OA-I00 SONDAS PARA INSTRUMENTACION INTELIGENTE BASADAS EN SENSADO ACUSTICO DISTRIBUIDO DE TIEMPO EXPANDIDOEuropean Commission http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 Horizon Europe Framework Programme 101098992 Tsunami early warning System using Availableseafloor Fiber cablEsEuropean Commission http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 Horizon Europe Framework Programme 101095055 SUBMarine cablEs for ReSearch and ExplorationAgencia Estatal de Investigación http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023 PCI2023-145978-2 INDUSTRIAL UPSCALE OF SURFACE PROTECTION SYSTEM AND FIBRE OPTIC-BASED CONDITION MONITORING FOR THE SEASNAKE MVC (MEDIUM VOLTAGE CABLES)open accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/653392026-06-18T11:13:07Z |
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15,81155 |