Limits of measurable perturbation rate in time-expanded phase-sensitive OTDR

Time-expanded phase-sensitive (TE-)ΦOTDR has emerged as a novel distributed acoustic sensing technology that fills the performance gap between typical ΦOTDR and OFDR. Centimeter resolution over kilometer range with kHz sampling rate have been made readily available, while demanding a reduced MHz det...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Escobar Vera, Camilo José, Soriano Amat, Miguel|||0000-0002-4819-3898, Martín López, Sonia|||0000-0001-5203-6206, González Herráez, Miguel|||0000-0003-2555-2971, Fernández Ruiz, María del Rosario|||0000-0003-3561-2405
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)
Repositorio:e_Buah Biblioteca Digital Universidad de Alcalá
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/65339
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10017/65339
https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2024.3426036
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Rayleigh scattering
Dual frequency comb
Phase modulation
Dynamic range
Distributed acoustic sensing
Electrónica
Electronics
Descripción
Sumario:Time-expanded phase-sensitive (TE-)ΦOTDR has emerged as a novel distributed acoustic sensing technology that fills the performance gap between typical ΦOTDR and OFDR. Centimeter resolution over kilometer range with kHz sampling rate have been made readily available, while demanding a reduced MHz detection bandwidth. This particular performance makes use of a specialty dual frequency comb, where one comb is used as probe and the other one as reference, and their repetition rates have a quasi-integerratio (QIR). In this work, we perform, for the first time to our knowledge, a comprehensive analysis of the limits of measurable perturbation (comprising the dynamic range) of TE-ΦOTDR, paying special attention to the QIR scheme. We show that the dynamic range of regular TE-ΦOTDR is similar to that of typical phase-demodulation ΦOTDR. However, the particularities of the QIR scheme intrinsically reduce the dynamic range. We set the conditions to determine the maximum detectable perturbation based on the Carson's rule. The minimum measurable perturbation in the QIR scheme is related to the processing noise induced by the sample reordering in a time-varying fiber. Finally, we present a novel post-processing algorithm that mitigates such processing noise, hence improving the sensitivity (and therefore the dynamic range). With the proposed processing method, we experimentally demonstrate a fourfold improvement in performance of the QIR system with respect to the state of the art, delivering an impressive sensing rate of 108 interrogated points per second with a sensitivity of −44 dB ref. 1μεε2/Hz and a detection bandwidth of only 100 MHz.