Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health

Introduction: The present study aims to investigate the courses of loneliness following a national state of emergency including a curfew due to a rise in COVID-19 cases, associated risk factors, and the effect of loneliness on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: Data of 2,000 adults in Spai...

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Autores: Domènech-Abella, Joan, Gabarrell-Pascuet, Aina, García-Mieres, Helena, Mortier, Philippe, Félez Nóbrega, Mireia, Cristóbal Narváez, Paula, Vilagut Saiz, Gemma, 1975-, Olaya, Beatriz, Alonso Caballero, Jordi, Haro Abad, Josep Maria
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10230/60325
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10230/60325
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Anxiety
Covid-19 pandemic
Depression
Group-based trajectories
Loneliness
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spelling Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental healthDomènech-Abella, JoanGabarrell-Pascuet, AinaGarcía-Mieres, HelenaMortier, PhilippeFélez Nóbrega, MireiaCristóbal Narváez, PaulaVilagut Saiz, Gemma, 1975-Olaya, BeatrizAlonso Caballero, JordiHaro Abad, Josep MariaAnxietyCovid-19 pandemicDepressionGroup-based trajectoriesLonelinessIntroduction: The present study aims to investigate the courses of loneliness following a national state of emergency including a curfew due to a rise in COVID-19 cases, associated risk factors, and the effect of loneliness on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: Data of 2,000 adults in Spain which were interviewed by telephone at the first follow-up of the MINDCOVID project (February-March 2021) and of whom 953 were interviewed nine months later (November-December 2021) were analyzed. Group-based trajectories and mixed models were constructed. Results: Three courses of loneliness were detected: (1) invariant low loneliness (42.6%), (2) decreasing medium loneliness (51.5%), and (3) fairly invariant high loneliness (5.9%). Loneliness courses were associated with the severity and variability of symptoms of depression and anxiety. In contrast to the majority of pre-pandemic studies, younger adults more frequently reported loneliness compared to middle-aged and, particularly, older individuals. Other risk factors for loneliness were being female, being unmarried, and, notably, having pre-pandemic mental disorders. Conclusions: Future studies should validate whether the newly observed loneliness patterns across age groups persist and assess the evolution of loneliness courses and their impact on mental health, with particular attention given to young adults and individuals with pre-existing mental disorders.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Government of Spain (MCIU), (grant number COV20/00711). Philippe Mortier's work is supported by ISCIII research contracts (Sara Borrell [CD18/00049] and Miguel Servet [CP21/00078]). Aina Gabarrell-Pascuet's work is supported by the Secretariat of Universities and Research of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the European Social Fund (2021 FI_B 00839). Paula Cristóbal-Narváez's work is supported by Sara Borell (CD20/00035) and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Helena García-Mieres has a Margarita Salas postdoctoral contract awarded by the University of Barcelona and placed at Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Joan Domènech-Abella's work is supported by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) and the PID2021–123885NB-I00 research project, funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN), the State Research Agency (AEI), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).Elsevier20242023info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/60325http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésPsychiatry Res. 2023 Aug;326:115327info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PE/PID2021–123885NB-I00© Elsevier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:10230/603252026-05-29T05:05:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health
title Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health
spellingShingle Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health
Domènech-Abella, Joan
Anxiety
Covid-19 pandemic
Depression
Group-based trajectories
Loneliness
title_short Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health
title_full Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health
title_fullStr Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health
title_full_unstemmed Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health
title_sort Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Domènech-Abella, Joan
Gabarrell-Pascuet, Aina
García-Mieres, Helena
Mortier, Philippe
Félez Nóbrega, Mireia
Cristóbal Narváez, Paula
Vilagut Saiz, Gemma, 1975-
Olaya, Beatriz
Alonso Caballero, Jordi
Haro Abad, Josep Maria
author Domènech-Abella, Joan
author_facet Domènech-Abella, Joan
Gabarrell-Pascuet, Aina
García-Mieres, Helena
Mortier, Philippe
Félez Nóbrega, Mireia
Cristóbal Narváez, Paula
Vilagut Saiz, Gemma, 1975-
Olaya, Beatriz
Alonso Caballero, Jordi
Haro Abad, Josep Maria
author_role author
author2 Gabarrell-Pascuet, Aina
García-Mieres, Helena
Mortier, Philippe
Félez Nóbrega, Mireia
Cristóbal Narváez, Paula
Vilagut Saiz, Gemma, 1975-
Olaya, Beatriz
Alonso Caballero, Jordi
Haro Abad, Josep Maria
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Anxiety
Covid-19 pandemic
Depression
Group-based trajectories
Loneliness
topic Anxiety
Covid-19 pandemic
Depression
Group-based trajectories
Loneliness
description Introduction: The present study aims to investigate the courses of loneliness following a national state of emergency including a curfew due to a rise in COVID-19 cases, associated risk factors, and the effect of loneliness on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: Data of 2,000 adults in Spain which were interviewed by telephone at the first follow-up of the MINDCOVID project (February-March 2021) and of whom 953 were interviewed nine months later (November-December 2021) were analyzed. Group-based trajectories and mixed models were constructed. Results: Three courses of loneliness were detected: (1) invariant low loneliness (42.6%), (2) decreasing medium loneliness (51.5%), and (3) fairly invariant high loneliness (5.9%). Loneliness courses were associated with the severity and variability of symptoms of depression and anxiety. In contrast to the majority of pre-pandemic studies, younger adults more frequently reported loneliness compared to middle-aged and, particularly, older individuals. Other risk factors for loneliness were being female, being unmarried, and, notably, having pre-pandemic mental disorders. Conclusions: Future studies should validate whether the newly observed loneliness patterns across age groups persist and assess the evolution of loneliness courses and their impact on mental health, with particular attention given to young adults and individuals with pre-existing mental disorders.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10230/60325
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327
url http://hdl.handle.net/10230/60325
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Psychiatry Res. 2023 Aug;326:115327
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PE/PID2021–123885NB-I00
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv © Elsevier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv © Elsevier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
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