Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health
Introduction: The present study aims to investigate the courses of loneliness following a national state of emergency including a curfew due to a rise in COVID-19 cases, associated risk factors, and the effect of loneliness on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: Data of 2,000 adults in Spai...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión aceptada para publicación |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2023 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya) |
| Repositorio: | Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:recercat.cat:10230/60325 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10230/60325 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Anxiety Covid-19 pandemic Depression Group-based trajectories Loneliness |
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Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental healthDomènech-Abella, JoanGabarrell-Pascuet, AinaGarcía-Mieres, HelenaMortier, PhilippeFélez Nóbrega, MireiaCristóbal Narváez, PaulaVilagut Saiz, Gemma, 1975-Olaya, BeatrizAlonso Caballero, JordiHaro Abad, Josep MariaAnxietyCovid-19 pandemicDepressionGroup-based trajectoriesLonelinessIntroduction: The present study aims to investigate the courses of loneliness following a national state of emergency including a curfew due to a rise in COVID-19 cases, associated risk factors, and the effect of loneliness on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: Data of 2,000 adults in Spain which were interviewed by telephone at the first follow-up of the MINDCOVID project (February-March 2021) and of whom 953 were interviewed nine months later (November-December 2021) were analyzed. Group-based trajectories and mixed models were constructed. Results: Three courses of loneliness were detected: (1) invariant low loneliness (42.6%), (2) decreasing medium loneliness (51.5%), and (3) fairly invariant high loneliness (5.9%). Loneliness courses were associated with the severity and variability of symptoms of depression and anxiety. In contrast to the majority of pre-pandemic studies, younger adults more frequently reported loneliness compared to middle-aged and, particularly, older individuals. Other risk factors for loneliness were being female, being unmarried, and, notably, having pre-pandemic mental disorders. Conclusions: Future studies should validate whether the newly observed loneliness patterns across age groups persist and assess the evolution of loneliness courses and their impact on mental health, with particular attention given to young adults and individuals with pre-existing mental disorders.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Government of Spain (MCIU), (grant number COV20/00711). Philippe Mortier's work is supported by ISCIII research contracts (Sara Borrell [CD18/00049] and Miguel Servet [CP21/00078]). Aina Gabarrell-Pascuet's work is supported by the Secretariat of Universities and Research of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the European Social Fund (2021 FI_B 00839). Paula Cristóbal-Narváez's work is supported by Sara Borell (CD20/00035) and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Helena García-Mieres has a Margarita Salas postdoctoral contract awarded by the University of Barcelona and placed at Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Joan Domènech-Abella's work is supported by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM) and the PID2021–123885NB-I00 research project, funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN), the State Research Agency (AEI), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).Elsevier20242023info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10230/60325http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésPsychiatry Res. 2023 Aug;326:115327info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PE/PID2021–123885NB-I00© Elsevier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:10230/603252026-05-29T05:05:01Z |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health |
| title |
Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health |
| spellingShingle |
Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health Domènech-Abella, Joan Anxiety Covid-19 pandemic Depression Group-based trajectories Loneliness |
| title_short |
Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health |
| title_full |
Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health |
| title_fullStr |
Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health |
| title_sort |
Loneliness during the last phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain: A longitudinal study of group-based trajectories, risk factors, and consequences in mental health |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Domènech-Abella, Joan Gabarrell-Pascuet, Aina García-Mieres, Helena Mortier, Philippe Félez Nóbrega, Mireia Cristóbal Narváez, Paula Vilagut Saiz, Gemma, 1975- Olaya, Beatriz Alonso Caballero, Jordi Haro Abad, Josep Maria |
| author |
Domènech-Abella, Joan |
| author_facet |
Domènech-Abella, Joan Gabarrell-Pascuet, Aina García-Mieres, Helena Mortier, Philippe Félez Nóbrega, Mireia Cristóbal Narváez, Paula Vilagut Saiz, Gemma, 1975- Olaya, Beatriz Alonso Caballero, Jordi Haro Abad, Josep Maria |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Gabarrell-Pascuet, Aina García-Mieres, Helena Mortier, Philippe Félez Nóbrega, Mireia Cristóbal Narváez, Paula Vilagut Saiz, Gemma, 1975- Olaya, Beatriz Alonso Caballero, Jordi Haro Abad, Josep Maria |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Anxiety Covid-19 pandemic Depression Group-based trajectories Loneliness |
| topic |
Anxiety Covid-19 pandemic Depression Group-based trajectories Loneliness |
| description |
Introduction: The present study aims to investigate the courses of loneliness following a national state of emergency including a curfew due to a rise in COVID-19 cases, associated risk factors, and the effect of loneliness on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: Data of 2,000 adults in Spain which were interviewed by telephone at the first follow-up of the MINDCOVID project (February-March 2021) and of whom 953 were interviewed nine months later (November-December 2021) were analyzed. Group-based trajectories and mixed models were constructed. Results: Three courses of loneliness were detected: (1) invariant low loneliness (42.6%), (2) decreasing medium loneliness (51.5%), and (3) fairly invariant high loneliness (5.9%). Loneliness courses were associated with the severity and variability of symptoms of depression and anxiety. In contrast to the majority of pre-pandemic studies, younger adults more frequently reported loneliness compared to middle-aged and, particularly, older individuals. Other risk factors for loneliness were being female, being unmarried, and, notably, having pre-pandemic mental disorders. Conclusions: Future studies should validate whether the newly observed loneliness patterns across age groups persist and assess the evolution of loneliness courses and their impact on mental health, with particular attention given to young adults and individuals with pre-existing mental disorders. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023 2024 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
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article |
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acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/60325 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10230/60325 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés |
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Inglés |
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Psychiatry Res. 2023 Aug;326:115327 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/3PE/PID2021–123885NB-I00 |
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© Elsevier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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© Elsevier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115327 |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf application/pdf |
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Elsevier |
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Elsevier |
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