Loneliness trajectories and predictors in Spain: Results from the Spanish longitudinal study on aging and health (Edad con Salud)

Background: In recent years, loneliness has been recognized as a public health problem, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify groups of people with different trajectories of loneliness, and to explore potential determinants (sociodemographic, social, psychological, and he...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Dolz-Del-Castellar B, de la Torre-Luque A, Castelletti C, Francia L, Rodriguez-Prada C, Miret M, Domènech-Abella J, Gabarrell-Pascuet A, Olaya B, Haro JM, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Lara E
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Fundació Sant Joan de Déu
Repositorio:r-FSJD. Repositorio Institucional de Producción Científica de la Fundació Sant Joan de Déu
OAI Identifier:oai:fsjd.fundanetsuite.com:p28227
Acceso en línea:https://fsjd.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=28227
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Loneliness
Subjective social isolation
Longitudinal trajectories
Mixture modeling
Risk factors
Descripción
Sumario:Background: In recent years, loneliness has been recognized as a public health problem, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify groups of people with different trajectories of loneliness, and to explore potential determinants (sociodemographic, social, psychological, and health-related) associated with these trajectories. Methods: In this 12-year longitudinal study, we analyzed data on 4537 Spanish adults from a nationwide representative survey. A growth mixture modeling approach was used to identify different loneliness trajectories and logistic regressions to explore the determinants of these trajectories. Results: Two trajectory classes were identified: low-stable (87.86 %) and high-fluctuating (12.14 %). Marital status, living status, migration, social isolation, depression, suicidal ideation, and cognitive complaints were identified as significant determinants of belonging to the high-fluctuating trajectory. Conversely, social support, social trust, and life satisfaction were protective factors for this trajectory. Conclusion: This study revealed the presence of diverse courses of loneliness (each showing some distinctive characteristics from the other), outlining some relevant implications for the assessment, prevention, and management of loneliness.