Sustainable wet-chemical sintering of metal-based 3D-printed electrodes enables high-performance electrochemical transducers

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) enables rapid and low-cost manufacturing of metal-based 3D-printed components with customizable geometries. However, as-printed metallic systems typically suffer from poor electrical conductivity, necessitating tedious activation post-treatments, such as high-tempera...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Li, Tong, Sala, Xavier|||0000-0002-7779-6313, Muñoz, Jose|||0000-0001-9529-6980
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:uabarcelona_::b8fc8ed08c8703b1afce663adb8daf62
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/328995
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2026.115338
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Chemical sintering
Additive manufacturing
Nitrate-to-ammonia
Metal 3D printing
Nanocomposites
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spelling Sustainable wet-chemical sintering of metal-based 3D-printed electrodes enables high-performance electrochemical transducersLi, TongSala, Xavier|||0000-0002-7779-6313Muñoz, Jose|||0000-0001-9529-6980Chemical sinteringAdditive manufacturingNitrate-to-ammoniaMetal 3D printingNanocompositesFused Filament Fabrication (FFF) enables rapid and low-cost manufacturing of metal-based 3D-printed components with customizable geometries. However, as-printed metallic systems typically suffer from poor electrical conductivity, necessitating tedious activation post-treatments, such as high-temperature annealing or electroplating technologies, to make them suitable for electrochemical applications. While effective, these methods are costly, time-consuming, and environmentally unfriendly, also requiring specialized equipment. Herein, we report a green wet-chemical activation strategy based on sodium borohydride (NaBH), as a mild reducing agent, which induces room-temperature chemical sintering in 3D-printed copper electrodes (3D-CuEs). As a proof-of-concept, the NaBH-activated 3D-CuEs have been successfully applied to the voltammetric determination of nitrate (NO ) in water via nitrate reduction reaction (NRR), exhibiting a wide linear range (1.5-2553 ppm), a low detection limit of 1.5 ppm, and excellent recoveries in real water samples. Overall, this sustainable and scalable activation method provides a versatile route toward the large-scale fabrication of high-performance metal-based 3D-printed electrodes, opening new opportunities for advanced electrochemical applications. 22026-01-0120262026-01-01Articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://ddd.uab.cat/record/328995https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2026.115338reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UABinstname:Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaInglésengMinisterio de Ciencia y Educación RYC2021–033820-IAgencia Estatal de Investigación https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 PID2023–146787OB-I00Generalitat de Catalunya https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002809 2024/PROD-00046Generalitat de Catalunya https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002809 2025/INNOV-00044open accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial, la distribució, i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:uabarcelona_::b8fc8ed08c8703b1afce663adb8daf622026-06-06T12:50:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Sustainable wet-chemical sintering of metal-based 3D-printed electrodes enables high-performance electrochemical transducers
title Sustainable wet-chemical sintering of metal-based 3D-printed electrodes enables high-performance electrochemical transducers
spellingShingle Sustainable wet-chemical sintering of metal-based 3D-printed electrodes enables high-performance electrochemical transducers
Li, Tong
Chemical sintering
Additive manufacturing
Nitrate-to-ammonia
Metal 3D printing
Nanocomposites
title_short Sustainable wet-chemical sintering of metal-based 3D-printed electrodes enables high-performance electrochemical transducers
title_full Sustainable wet-chemical sintering of metal-based 3D-printed electrodes enables high-performance electrochemical transducers
title_fullStr Sustainable wet-chemical sintering of metal-based 3D-printed electrodes enables high-performance electrochemical transducers
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable wet-chemical sintering of metal-based 3D-printed electrodes enables high-performance electrochemical transducers
title_sort Sustainable wet-chemical sintering of metal-based 3D-printed electrodes enables high-performance electrochemical transducers
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Li, Tong
Sala, Xavier|||0000-0002-7779-6313
Muñoz, Jose|||0000-0001-9529-6980
author Li, Tong
author_facet Li, Tong
Sala, Xavier|||0000-0002-7779-6313
Muñoz, Jose|||0000-0001-9529-6980
author_role author
author2 Sala, Xavier|||0000-0002-7779-6313
Muñoz, Jose|||0000-0001-9529-6980
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Chemical sintering
Additive manufacturing
Nitrate-to-ammonia
Metal 3D printing
Nanocomposites
topic Chemical sintering
Additive manufacturing
Nitrate-to-ammonia
Metal 3D printing
Nanocomposites
description Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) enables rapid and low-cost manufacturing of metal-based 3D-printed components with customizable geometries. However, as-printed metallic systems typically suffer from poor electrical conductivity, necessitating tedious activation post-treatments, such as high-temperature annealing or electroplating technologies, to make them suitable for electrochemical applications. While effective, these methods are costly, time-consuming, and environmentally unfriendly, also requiring specialized equipment. Herein, we report a green wet-chemical activation strategy based on sodium borohydride (NaBH), as a mild reducing agent, which induces room-temperature chemical sintering in 3D-printed copper electrodes (3D-CuEs). As a proof-of-concept, the NaBH-activated 3D-CuEs have been successfully applied to the voltammetric determination of nitrate (NO ) in water via nitrate reduction reaction (NRR), exhibiting a wide linear range (1.5-2553 ppm), a low detection limit of 1.5 ppm, and excellent recoveries in real water samples. Overall, this sustainable and scalable activation method provides a versatile route toward the large-scale fabrication of high-performance metal-based 3D-printed electrodes, opening new opportunities for advanced electrochemical applications.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2
2026-01-01
2026
2026-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://ddd.uab.cat/record/328995
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2026.115338
url https://ddd.uab.cat/record/328995
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2026.115338
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia y Educación RYC2021–033820-I
Agencia Estatal de Investigación https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 PID2023–146787OB-I00
Generalitat de Catalunya https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002809 2024/PROD-00046
Generalitat de Catalunya https://doi.org/10.13039/501100002809 2025/INNOV-00044
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
instname:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
instname_str Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
collection Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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