Sustainable wet-chemical sintering of metal-based 3D-printed electrodes enables high-performance electrochemical transducers

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) enables rapid and low-cost manufacturing of metal-based 3D-printed components with customizable geometries. However, as-printed metallic systems typically suffer from poor electrical conductivity, necessitating tedious activation post-treatments, such as high-tempera...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Li, Tong, Sala, Xavier|||0000-0002-7779-6313, Muñoz, Jose|||0000-0001-9529-6980
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:uabarcelona_::b8fc8ed08c8703b1afce663adb8daf62
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/328995
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2026.115338
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Chemical sintering
Additive manufacturing
Nitrate-to-ammonia
Metal 3D printing
Nanocomposites
Descripción
Sumario:Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) enables rapid and low-cost manufacturing of metal-based 3D-printed components with customizable geometries. However, as-printed metallic systems typically suffer from poor electrical conductivity, necessitating tedious activation post-treatments, such as high-temperature annealing or electroplating technologies, to make them suitable for electrochemical applications. While effective, these methods are costly, time-consuming, and environmentally unfriendly, also requiring specialized equipment. Herein, we report a green wet-chemical activation strategy based on sodium borohydride (NaBH), as a mild reducing agent, which induces room-temperature chemical sintering in 3D-printed copper electrodes (3D-CuEs). As a proof-of-concept, the NaBH-activated 3D-CuEs have been successfully applied to the voltammetric determination of nitrate (NO ) in water via nitrate reduction reaction (NRR), exhibiting a wide linear range (1.5-2553 ppm), a low detection limit of 1.5 ppm, and excellent recoveries in real water samples. Overall, this sustainable and scalable activation method provides a versatile route toward the large-scale fabrication of high-performance metal-based 3D-printed electrodes, opening new opportunities for advanced electrochemical applications.