Electronic Control Unit and Digital Twin Based on Raspberry Pi 4 for Testing the Remote Nonlinear Trajectory Tracking of a P3-DX Robot

The properties of Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) for the development of controllers, together with electronic emulation of physical process by Digital Twins (DT) significantly enhance the optimization of design and implementation in nonlinear control applications. The study emphasizes the use of the Ras...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Losada Gutiérrez, Cristina|||0000-0001-9545-327X, Espinosa Zapata, Felipe|||0000-0003-1588-0947, Cruz de la Torre, Carlos|||0000-0001-6937-9838, Alvarado Vásquez, Biel Piero Eloy|||0000-0001-8765-213X
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)
Repositorio:e_Buah Biblioteca Digital Universidad de Alcalá
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/65811
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10017/65811
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act14080376
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Hardware in the loop
Electronic control unit
Digital twin
Raspberry Pi
Lyapunov-based control
Nonlinear trajectory tracking
P3-DX robot
Wireless network control
Electrónica
Electronics
Descripción
Sumario:The properties of Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) for the development of controllers, together with electronic emulation of physical process by Digital Twins (DT) significantly enhance the optimization of design and implementation in nonlinear control applications. The study emphasizes the use of the Raspberry Pi (RBP), a low-cost and portable electronic board for two interrelated goals: (a) the Electronic Control Unit (ECU-RBP) implementing a Lyapunov-based Controller (LBC) for nonlinear trajectory tracking of P3DX wheeled robots, and (b) the Digital Twin (DT-RPB) emulating the real robot behavior, which is remotely connected to the control unit. ECU-RBP, DT-RBP and real robot are connected as nodes within the same wireless network, enhancing interaction between the three physical elements. The development process is supported by the Matlab/Simulink environment and the associated packages for the specified electronic board. Following testing of the real robot from the ECU-RBP in an open loop, the model is identified and integrated into the DT-RBP to replicate its functionality. The LBC solution, which has also been validated through simulation, is implemented in the ECU-RBP to examine the closed-loop control according to the HIL strategy. Finally, the study evaluates the effectiveness of the HIL approach by comparing the results obtained from the application of the LBC, as implemented in the ECU-RBP to both the real robot and its DT.