Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest Spain
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetics prized for their chemical stability and functionality. Legacy PFAS such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have been phased out due to their persistence and toxicity. This study assessed exposure to both...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2026 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/425214 |
| Acesso em linha: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/425214 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105032811178 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Urine Children cohort Human biomonitoring Human matrices Mass spectrometry Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances http://metadata.un.org/sdg/11 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/12 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/9 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns |
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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest Spain |
| title |
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest Spain |
| spellingShingle |
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest Spain Bautista, Arianna Urine Children cohort Human biomonitoring Human matrices Mass spectrometry Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances http://metadata.un.org/sdg/11 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/12 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/9 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns |
| title_short |
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest Spain |
| title_full |
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest Spain |
| title_fullStr |
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest Spain |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest Spain |
| title_sort |
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest Spain |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Bautista, Arianna Fernández-Tardón, Guillermo Rodríguez-Suárez, Marta M. Tardón, Adonina Bravo, Natalia Garí, Mercè Grimalt, Joan O. Llorca, Marta Farré, Marinella |
| author |
Bautista, Arianna |
| author_facet |
Bautista, Arianna Fernández-Tardón, Guillermo Rodríguez-Suárez, Marta M. Tardón, Adonina Bravo, Natalia Garí, Mercè Grimalt, Joan O. Llorca, Marta Farré, Marinella |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Fernández-Tardón, Guillermo Rodríguez-Suárez, Marta M. Tardón, Adonina Bravo, Natalia Garí, Mercè Grimalt, Joan O. Llorca, Marta Farré, Marinella |
| author2_role |
author author author author author author author author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
European Commission Generalitat de Catalunya Fernández-Tardón, Guillermo [0000-0002-7680-158X] Rodríguez-Suárez, Marta M. [0000-0003-0835-5837] Tardón, Adonina [0000-0001-5150-1209] Garí, Mercè [0000-0001-6903-0732] Grimalt, Joan O. [0000-0002-7391-5768] Llorca, Marta [0000-0002-6065-2129] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72] |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Urine Children cohort Human biomonitoring Human matrices Mass spectrometry Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances http://metadata.un.org/sdg/11 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/12 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/9 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns |
| topic |
Urine Children cohort Human biomonitoring Human matrices Mass spectrometry Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances http://metadata.un.org/sdg/11 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/12 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 http://metadata.un.org/sdg/9 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns |
| description |
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetics prized for their chemical stability and functionality. Legacy PFAS such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have been phased out due to their persistence and toxicity. This study assessed exposure to both legacy and emerging PFAS in 281 urine samples from 8-year-old children participating in the (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) INMA Asturias birth cohort (northwest Spain), a region with a strong industrial background. Dietary and household information was collected via questionnaires, and urine samples were analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with full-scan acquisition in independent all-ion fragmentation mode. A suspected screening approach was applied to discover previously unreported PFAS and expand the detectable chemical profile, complemented by targeted analysis of 29 compounds selected for their persistence and regulatory relevance. Among them, 17 compounds were confirmed and quantified. The combined targeted and suspect-screening approach also identified novel PFAS, including fluorotelomer carboxylic acids, demonstrating the value of LC-HRMS for detecting unregulated compounds. Emerging PFAS showed the highest detection frequencies and concentrations: trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, GenX) were detected in 63% and 27% of samples, respectively, with GenX reaching 10.1 ng/mL, whereas PFOA and PFOS were detected less frequently (8.5% and 3.2%) and at concentrations below 1 ng/mL, highlighting the need for epidemiological studies to achieve comprehensive PFAS exposure assessments. Associations with dietary habit exposure estimates point to dairy, protein-rich foods, vegetables, and drinking water as the main contributors. |
| publishDate |
2026 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2026 2026 2026 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Publisher's version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/425214 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105032811178 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10261/425214 https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105032811178 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101057014 The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31050900 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31050900 Sí |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
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Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
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reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
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DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
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DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
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1869409892682432512 |
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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Urine Samples from Eight-Year-Old Children Living in Northwest SpainBautista, AriannaFernández-Tardón, GuillermoRodríguez-Suárez, Marta M.Tardón, AdoninaBravo, NataliaGarí, MercèGrimalt, Joan O.Llorca, MartaFarré, MarinellaUrineChildren cohortHuman biomonitoringHuman matricesMass spectrometryPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substanceshttp://metadata.un.org/sdg/11http://metadata.un.org/sdg/12http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3http://metadata.un.org/sdg/9Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all agesBuild resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovationMake cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainableEnsure sustainable consumption and production patternsPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetics prized for their chemical stability and functionality. Legacy PFAS such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have been phased out due to their persistence and toxicity. This study assessed exposure to both legacy and emerging PFAS in 281 urine samples from 8-year-old children participating in the (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) INMA Asturias birth cohort (northwest Spain), a region with a strong industrial background. Dietary and household information was collected via questionnaires, and urine samples were analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) with full-scan acquisition in independent all-ion fragmentation mode. A suspected screening approach was applied to discover previously unreported PFAS and expand the detectable chemical profile, complemented by targeted analysis of 29 compounds selected for their persistence and regulatory relevance. Among them, 17 compounds were confirmed and quantified. The combined targeted and suspect-screening approach also identified novel PFAS, including fluorotelomer carboxylic acids, demonstrating the value of LC-HRMS for detecting unregulated compounds. Emerging PFAS showed the highest detection frequencies and concentrations: trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, GenX) were detected in 63% and 27% of samples, respectively, with GenX reaching 10.1 ng/mL, whereas PFOA and PFOS were detected less frequently (8.5% and 3.2%) and at concentrations below 1 ng/mL, highlighting the need for epidemiological studies to achieve comprehensive PFAS exposure assessments. Associations with dietary habit exposure estimates point to dairy, protein-rich foods, vegetables, and drinking water as the main contributors.This work was carried out in the framework of the European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC; Grant Agreement No. 101057014). It also received funding from the Horizon European Projects NEMESIS (HLTH-2023-ENVHLTH-02-03-101137405), ENVESOME (HLTH-2024-ENVHLTH-02-06-two-stage-101157269), and the Generalitat de Catalunya through the Consolidated Research Groups 2021 SGR 01150 and 2021 SGR 00986. The views and opinions expressed are, however, those of the author(s) only, and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Health and Digital Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for such views and opinions.Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteEuropean CommissionGeneralitat de CatalunyaFernández-Tardón, Guillermo [0000-0002-7680-158X]Rodríguez-Suárez, Marta M. [0000-0003-0835-5837]Tardón, Adonina [0000-0001-5150-1209]Garí, Mercè [0000-0001-6903-0732]Grimalt, Joan O. [0000-0002-7391-5768]Llorca, Marta [0000-0002-6065-2129]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202620262026info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/425214https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105032811178reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HE/101057014The underlying dataset has been published as supplementary material of the article in the publisher platform at DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31050900https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31050900Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4252142026-05-22T06:33:51Z |
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15,812429 |