La arquitectura de las Universidades Laborales españolas (1946-1978)
According to the instructions of the Minister of Labor José Antonio Girón de Velasco, promoter of the creation of Labor Universities, they would provide the means for Spain to bring culture to the workers and specially their children, so that they could ascend to upper scales of society. However, it...
| Autor: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2014 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) |
| Repositorio: | UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/95461 |
| Acesso em linha: | https://hdl.handle.net/2117/95461 https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-95461 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Universitats laborals -- Espanya Edificis universitaris -- Espanya -- Història -- S. XX -- 1946-1978 Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Arquitectura |
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La arquitectura de las Universidades Laborales españolas (1946-1978) |
| title |
La arquitectura de las Universidades Laborales españolas (1946-1978) |
| spellingShingle |
La arquitectura de las Universidades Laborales españolas (1946-1978) Robles Cardona, Miguel Ángel Universitats laborals -- Espanya Edificis universitaris -- Espanya -- Història -- S. XX -- 1946-1978 Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Arquitectura |
| title_short |
La arquitectura de las Universidades Laborales españolas (1946-1978) |
| title_full |
La arquitectura de las Universidades Laborales españolas (1946-1978) |
| title_fullStr |
La arquitectura de las Universidades Laborales españolas (1946-1978) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
La arquitectura de las Universidades Laborales españolas (1946-1978) |
| title_sort |
La arquitectura de las Universidades Laborales españolas (1946-1978) |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Robles Cardona, Miguel Ángel |
| author |
Robles Cardona, Miguel Ángel |
| author_facet |
Robles Cardona, Miguel Ángel |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Bosch Espelta, Josep Linares Soler, Alfredo |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Universitats laborals -- Espanya Edificis universitaris -- Espanya -- Història -- S. XX -- 1946-1978 Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Arquitectura |
| topic |
Universitats laborals -- Espanya Edificis universitaris -- Espanya -- Història -- S. XX -- 1946-1978 Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Arquitectura |
| description |
According to the instructions of the Minister of Labor José Antonio Girón de Velasco, promoter of the creation of Labor Universities, they would provide the means for Spain to bring culture to the workers and specially their children, so that they could ascend to upper scales of society. However, it didn't escape to the regime·s interests that the new network presented the opportunity to concentrate all professional profiles related to labor studies and the new professions, especially industrialists, that were appearing. The system spread throughout the Spanish territory through a management model generally based in the direct appointment by, more often than not, renowned figures. However, its construction suffered from any ulterior plan to define how its development should unfold. Most complexes were placed in peripheral positions to the cities they were assigned to, mainly due to land availability and price. Other factors, such as the desire to achieve a certain isolation of the students , or the need for large farms whose exploitation would help to the financial support of the center, had also an influence. Such was the size, not only of the buildings but also of their population, and the ambition of many of these complexes, that some of them come to be considered as models or representations of any kind of ideal city, or at least, because of their scale, as large ensembles whose organization was based on a certain urban paradigm. On the other hand, both in the architecture and in the organization of these complexes, it is possible to check, throughout the time span of more than the three decades needed for their construction, the progressive influence that the Modern Movement had on Spanish professionals of the time. lt can be observed the evolution from the more radical rationalism-rejecting positions of the years of the Civil War and inmediate Postwar -in search of a not-yet-obtained national style that could not ignore some of the issues learned during the previous period- to the most avant-garde trends that review modernity in Europe just when this had begun to step back in Spain. There was in many cases, as a result, the conflict between the desire to recover a lost step in our own evolution of modern and the desire for a quick update with the moment's highest international avant-garde, which usually come to the country with some delay. This modernization of the architecture would be developed at the same time than other social, political, economic and cultural processes that would pursue the progressive opening of the country to the outside, while the ruling forces would make use of architecture to project the most suitable image at each time. The evolution of Spanish architecture is evident from the analysis done about the strategies for general composition of the complexes, as well as through the detailed study of the design of the different parts, spaces or buildings that built up their projects, their hierarchy and zoning. lt is also possible to check this modernization through cross-cutting issues such as the use of materials and building systems, the use of regulatory frames and modular composition systems, the importance given to the empty space in the organization of projects, the layout of the circulatory solutions. the adaptation of the architecture to the pedagogical and hygienists reference concepts at each time, and even in artworks incorporated into buildings. In short, Labor Universities are a coherent set of buidings themselves and within the changing context of their time. Analyzing Labor Universities means analyzing the Spanish architecture or three decades, the span of time needed for their construction. |
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2014 |
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2014 2014-09-19 2014 2014-10-02 |
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doctoral thesis http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06 VoR http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/2117/95461 https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-95461 |
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya |
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La arquitectura de las Universidades Laborales españolas (1946-1978)Robles Cardona, Miguel ÁngelUniversitats laborals -- EspanyaEdificis universitaris -- Espanya -- Història -- S. XX -- 1946-1978Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::ArquitecturaAccording to the instructions of the Minister of Labor José Antonio Girón de Velasco, promoter of the creation of Labor Universities, they would provide the means for Spain to bring culture to the workers and specially their children, so that they could ascend to upper scales of society. However, it didn't escape to the regime·s interests that the new network presented the opportunity to concentrate all professional profiles related to labor studies and the new professions, especially industrialists, that were appearing. The system spread throughout the Spanish territory through a management model generally based in the direct appointment by, more often than not, renowned figures. However, its construction suffered from any ulterior plan to define how its development should unfold. Most complexes were placed in peripheral positions to the cities they were assigned to, mainly due to land availability and price. Other factors, such as the desire to achieve a certain isolation of the students , or the need for large farms whose exploitation would help to the financial support of the center, had also an influence. Such was the size, not only of the buildings but also of their population, and the ambition of many of these complexes, that some of them come to be considered as models or representations of any kind of ideal city, or at least, because of their scale, as large ensembles whose organization was based on a certain urban paradigm. On the other hand, both in the architecture and in the organization of these complexes, it is possible to check, throughout the time span of more than the three decades needed for their construction, the progressive influence that the Modern Movement had on Spanish professionals of the time. lt can be observed the evolution from the more radical rationalism-rejecting positions of the years of the Civil War and inmediate Postwar -in search of a not-yet-obtained national style that could not ignore some of the issues learned during the previous period- to the most avant-garde trends that review modernity in Europe just when this had begun to step back in Spain. There was in many cases, as a result, the conflict between the desire to recover a lost step in our own evolution of modern and the desire for a quick update with the moment's highest international avant-garde, which usually come to the country with some delay. This modernization of the architecture would be developed at the same time than other social, political, economic and cultural processes that would pursue the progressive opening of the country to the outside, while the ruling forces would make use of architecture to project the most suitable image at each time. The evolution of Spanish architecture is evident from the analysis done about the strategies for general composition of the complexes, as well as through the detailed study of the design of the different parts, spaces or buildings that built up their projects, their hierarchy and zoning. lt is also possible to check this modernization through cross-cutting issues such as the use of materials and building systems, the use of regulatory frames and modular composition systems, the importance given to the empty space in the organization of projects, the layout of the circulatory solutions. the adaptation of the architecture to the pedagogical and hygienists reference concepts at each time, and even in artworks incorporated into buildings. In short, Labor Universities are a coherent set of buidings themselves and within the changing context of their time. Analyzing Labor Universities means analyzing the Spanish architecture or three decades, the span of time needed for their construction.Según las consignas del Ministro de Trabajo José Antonio Girón de Velasco, artífice de la creación de las Universidades Laborales, éstas supondrían para España un medio de acercar la cultura a los trabajadores y, sobre todo, a sus hijos, de modo que pudiesen ascender a las escalas de mando de la sociedad. Sin embargo, no escapó a los intereses del Régimen la posibilidad de conseguir obtener todos los perfiles profesionales relacionados con lo laboral y con las nuevas profesiones, sobre todo industriales, que iban apareciendo. El Sistema se extendió por el territorio español a través de un modelo de gestión de los encargos basado, generalmente, en la designación directa, normalmente de figuras de reconocido prestigio. Sin embargo, su construcción adoleció de cualquier plan que definiera cuál debía ser su desarrollo. La mayoría de los conjuntos se situaron en posiciones periféricas a las ciudades a que quedaban adscritos, fundamentalmente debido a la disponibilidad y precio de los terrenos, aunque también influyeron otros factores, como el deseo de conseguir un cierto aislamiento de los muchachos, o la necesidad de disponer de grandes fincas que, con su explotación, ayudaran al sostenimiento económico de los centros. Tal fue el tamaño, no sólo de sus edificios sino también de su población, y la ambición de muchos de estos conjuntos, que, algunos de ellos, podrían llegar a ser considerados como modelos o representaciones de algún tipo de ciudad ideal, o, al menos, dada su escala, como grandes conjuntos organizados sobre la base de un determinado paradigma urbanístico. De otro lado, en la arquitectura, y también en la ordenación de estos conjuntos, es posible comprobar la influencia progresiva que el Movimiento Moderno ejerció sobre los profesionales españoles de la época, pudiéndose observar, dentro del arco temporal de más de tres décadas que ocupa su construcción, la evolución desde las posiciones más radicales que rechazan el racionalismo en los años de la Guerra Civil y la inmediata Posguerra, en la búsqueda de un inconseguido estilo nacional que no pudo ignorar algunas de las lecciones aprendidas durante la etapa anterior, hasta las corrientes más vanguardistas que revisan la modernidad en Europa apenas ésta había comenzado a pisar de nuevo en España, produciéndose en el pais, en muchos casos, la pugna entre el deseo de recuperar una etapa perdida en nuestra propia evolución de lo moderno y el de una rápida puesta al dia con la máxima vanguardia internacional del momento, que, generalmente, nos llegaría con un cierto retraso. Esta modernización de la arquitectura se desarrollaría a la par que otros procesos sociales, políticos, económicos y culturales que pretenderían la progresiva apertura del país al exterior, a la vez que éste se servía de la disciplina arquitectónica para proyectar la imagen que más le interesaba en cada momento. La evolución de la arquitectura española resulta evidente a la vista del análisis realizado sobre las estrategias de composición general de los conjuntos, así como a través del estudio pormenorizado del diseño de las diferentes partes, espacios o edificios, que componen sus programas edificados, de su jerarquía y zonificación. Asimismo se puede comprobar esta modernización en aspectos transversales como la utilización que se hizo de los materiales y sistemas constructivos, el empleo de tramas reguladoras y sistemas de composición modular, la importancia concedida al espacio vacío en la organización de los proyectos, el trazado de las soluciones circulatorias, la adaptación de la arquitectura a los conceptos pedagógicos e higienistas de referencia en cada etapa, e incluso en las obras de arte incorporadas a los edificios. En definitiva, las Universidades Laborales son un conjunto coherente de edificios, en sí mismos y con el contexto cambiante de su época. Analizando las Universidades Laborales se encuentra uno analizando la arquitectura española de las tres décadas que abarcó su construcciónUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaBosch Espelta, JosepLinares Soler, Alfredo20142014-09-1920142014-10-02doctoral thesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/95461https://dx.doi.org/10.5821/dissertation-2117-95461reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Españolspaopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/954612026-05-27T15:37:01Z |
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15,301603 |