Detection of deoxynivalenol, its modified forms, and zearalenone in individual oat grains using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging

Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), its modified forms, and zearalenone (ZEN) frequently contaminate oats, posing serious health and regulatory concerns. This study assessed the use of visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) to cla...

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Autores: Teixido-Orries, Irene, Molino Gahete, Francisco, Femenias, Antoni, Medina, Àngel, Marín Sillué, Sònia
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Recursos:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
Repositorio:Repositori Obert UdL
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:.___________::d18a8deb1d0eeab8b6d77d679cb0548b
Acesso em linha:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2026.112033
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469916
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Applied mycology
Deoxynivalenol
Modified forms
Zearalenone
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spelling Detection of deoxynivalenol, its modified forms, and zearalenone in individual oat grains using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imagingTeixido-Orries, IreneMolino Gahete, FranciscoFemenias, AntoniMedina, ÀngelMarín Sillué, SòniaApplied mycologyDeoxynivalenolModified formsZearalenoneFusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), its modified forms, and zearalenone (ZEN) frequently contaminate oats, posing serious health and regulatory concerns. This study assessed the use of visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) to classify individual oat grains according to the European legal limits for DON (1750 μg/kg) and ZEN (100 μg/kg). NIR-HSI consistently outperformed Vis-NIR, achieving classification accuracies (CAs) above 91% and F1-scores above 0.65 for DON, ZEN and combined DON + ZEN detection. The most informative spectral regions were in the NIR ranges of 1000-1250 nm and 1300-1500 nm, associated with Fusarium-induced biochemical and structural changes in oat grains. Reducing the spectral input to 20 selected wavelengths preserved NIR-HSI performance, supporting the feasibility of multispectral implementations. These targeted, non-destructive approaches could enable early removal of the few highly contaminated grains responsible for batch rejection, improving food safety, reducing waste, and enhancing the sustainability of oat processing.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (predoctoral grant FPU21/00073 and Project PID2020-114836RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and Cranfield University. We thank Dr. Thomas Börjesson and Agroväst Livsmedel AB for providing oat samples. We also acknowledge the technical help of Monika Jodkowska in the analysis of the experiment. We are grateful to Pau Agusti-Fernandez for his valuable support and advice in data analysis.Elsevier2026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2026.112033https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469916reponame:Repositori Obert UdL instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-114836RB-I00Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2026.112033Food Control, 2026, vol. 184, núm. 112033, p. 1-15https://doi.org/10.34810/data2896cc-by (c) Teixido-Orries et al., 2026Attribution 4.0 Internationalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/oai:dnet:.___________::d18a8deb1d0eeab8b6d77d679cb0548b2026-06-24T12:42:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Detection of deoxynivalenol, its modified forms, and zearalenone in individual oat grains using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging
title Detection of deoxynivalenol, its modified forms, and zearalenone in individual oat grains using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging
spellingShingle Detection of deoxynivalenol, its modified forms, and zearalenone in individual oat grains using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging
Teixido-Orries, Irene
Applied mycology
Deoxynivalenol
Modified forms
Zearalenone
title_short Detection of deoxynivalenol, its modified forms, and zearalenone in individual oat grains using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging
title_full Detection of deoxynivalenol, its modified forms, and zearalenone in individual oat grains using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging
title_fullStr Detection of deoxynivalenol, its modified forms, and zearalenone in individual oat grains using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging
title_full_unstemmed Detection of deoxynivalenol, its modified forms, and zearalenone in individual oat grains using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging
title_sort Detection of deoxynivalenol, its modified forms, and zearalenone in individual oat grains using visible-near-infrared spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Teixido-Orries, Irene
Molino Gahete, Francisco
Femenias, Antoni
Medina, Àngel
Marín Sillué, Sònia
author Teixido-Orries, Irene
author_facet Teixido-Orries, Irene
Molino Gahete, Francisco
Femenias, Antoni
Medina, Àngel
Marín Sillué, Sònia
author_role author
author2 Molino Gahete, Francisco
Femenias, Antoni
Medina, Àngel
Marín Sillué, Sònia
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Applied mycology
Deoxynivalenol
Modified forms
Zearalenone
topic Applied mycology
Deoxynivalenol
Modified forms
Zearalenone
description Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), its modified forms, and zearalenone (ZEN) frequently contaminate oats, posing serious health and regulatory concerns. This study assessed the use of visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) to classify individual oat grains according to the European legal limits for DON (1750 μg/kg) and ZEN (100 μg/kg). NIR-HSI consistently outperformed Vis-NIR, achieving classification accuracies (CAs) above 91% and F1-scores above 0.65 for DON, ZEN and combined DON + ZEN detection. The most informative spectral regions were in the NIR ranges of 1000-1250 nm and 1300-1500 nm, associated with Fusarium-induced biochemical and structural changes in oat grains. Reducing the spectral input to 20 selected wavelengths preserved NIR-HSI performance, supporting the feasibility of multispectral implementations. These targeted, non-destructive approaches could enable early removal of the few highly contaminated grains responsible for batch rejection, improving food safety, reducing waste, and enhancing the sustainability of oat processing.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2026.112033
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469916
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2026.112033
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469916
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-114836RB-I00
Reproducció del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2026.112033
Food Control, 2026, vol. 184, núm. 112033, p. 1-15
https://doi.org/10.34810/data2896
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by (c) Teixido-Orries et al., 2026
Attribution 4.0 International
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by (c) Teixido-Orries et al., 2026
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositori Obert UdL
instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
instname_str Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
reponame_str Repositori Obert UdL
collection Repositori Obert UdL
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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