Assertiveness and war fatigue: European party dynamics during Russia's war in Ukraine

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 marked a watershed in European politics, compelling parties to adopt explicit positions on relations with Russia. Prior to the invasion, particularly parties on the ideological fringes often relied on strategic ambiguity. The 2022 attack trigg...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Holesch, Adam, 1977-, Zagórski, Piotr, Buzogány, Aron
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Repositorio:Repositorio Digital de la UPF
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.upf.edu:10230/72517
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10230/72517
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2026.2616344
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:EU
Party politics
Far right
Foreign policy
Assertiveness toward Russia
Russia-Ukraine war
Descripción
Sumario:Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 marked a watershed in European politics, compelling parties to adopt explicit positions on relations with Russia. Prior to the invasion, particularly parties on the ideological fringes often relied on strategic ambiguity. The 2022 attack triggered a surge in assertiveness toward Russia across much of the political spectrum, with only limited exceptions. This article examines whether these positions have endured or whether war fatigue among European political parties has led to declining assertiveness as the conflict has evolved. Drawing on roll-call votes in the European Parliament on key resolutions related to Russia and Ukraine between 2019 and 2025, we develop the Assertiveness Toward Russia Index (ATRI). The results show that mainstream parties have largely sustained their critical stance, while the European far right has become increasingly divided since 2022. The findings reconceptualise party group cohesion as dynamic yet durable, extending beyond short-lived rally effects.