Comparative analysis of ultra-low-power PPM demodulation algorithms applied to underwater biotelemetry systems’ bidirectional acoustic tags

In this article, a comparative analysis of pulse position modulation demodulation algorithms tailored for ultra-low-power applications is presented, specifically in the context of bidirectional acoustic tags developed to improve marine biotelemetry data acquisition. Various algorithms and techniques...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Batet Xaus, Gerard|||0000-0001-5428-5249, Martínez Padró, Enoc|||0000-0003-1233-7105, Sarriá Gandul, David|||0000-0001-9965-2479, Gomáriz Castro, Spartacus|||0000-0001-9765-2176, Río Fernández, Joaquín del|||0000-0002-6191-2201, Masmitjà Rusiñol, Ivan|||0000-0001-6355-7955
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/452181
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/452181
https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2026.3652791
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Underwater communications
Low-power
Acoustic biotelemetry
Bidirectional acoustic tag
Signal processing
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Teledetecció
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Informàtica::Aplicacions de la informàtica
Descripción
Sumario:In this article, a comparative analysis of pulse position modulation demodulation algorithms tailored for ultra-low-power applications is presented, specifically in the context of bidirectional acoustic tags developed to improve marine biotelemetry data acquisition. Various algorithms and techniques were evaluated, with the three most theoretically efficient methods tested using a simplified acoustic transmission model and validated against qualitative field data. The two algorithms demonstrating the highest detection performance were subsequently implemented on a bidirectional acoustic tag prototype, where power measurements were conducted to identify the method offering the optimal balance between signal detectability and energy consumption. The results show that the Göertzel algorithm achieves detection performance equivalent to the FFT-based approach while offering significantly improved energy efficiency, operating at a reduced microcontroller clock frequency of 16 MHz, compared to the 24 MHz required by the FFT implementation.