Genipin-crosslinked pectin hydrogels: A dual strategy for enhanced 3D printability and stability

The development of polysaccharide-based biomaterial inks with tailored physicochemical properties and dynamic responsiveness currently attracts a lot of scientific interest. Pectin, a natural and biocompatible polysaccharide, shows great promise for a wide range of biomedical applications, but its l...

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Autores: Mercado-Rico, Jorge, Pérez, Luis Andrés, Alonso, José María, Pérez-González, Raúl, Sáez-Martínez, Virginia, Mascaraque-León, Aroa, Haranczyk, Maciej, Echeverry-Rendón, Mónica, Hernández, Rebeca
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/416104
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/416104
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105022157717
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:3d extrusion printing
Biomaterial inks
Chemical crosslinking
Hydrogels
Pectin
pH-responsive
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spelling Genipin-crosslinked pectin hydrogels: A dual strategy for enhanced 3D printability and stabilityMercado-Rico, JorgePérez, Luis AndrésAlonso, José MaríaPérez-González, RaúlSáez-Martínez, VirginiaMascaraque-León, AroaHaranczyk, MaciejEcheverry-Rendón, MónicaHernández, Rebeca3d extrusion printingBiomaterial inksChemical crosslinkingHydrogelsPectinpH-responsiveThe development of polysaccharide-based biomaterial inks with tailored physicochemical properties and dynamic responsiveness currently attracts a lot of scientific interest. Pectin, a natural and biocompatible polysaccharide, shows great promise for a wide range of biomedical applications, but its limited mechanical strength and printability constrain its application in 3D extrusion bioprinting. This study introduces a strategy to overcome these drawbacks via amine modification and genipin crosslinking, producing hydrogels with improved mechanical stability under physiological conditions. Pectin hydrogels formed at various amine:genipin ratios (1:0.6 to 1:3) exhibited elastic moduli values in the range of 3-5 KPa under physiological conditions, with crosslinking efficiency reaching a plateau. Biomaterial inks comprising crosslinked pectin particles were dispersed in a reactive aqueous pectin solution, thus enabling precise 3D extrusion of scaffolds with up to 7 layers, maintaining structural integrity post-lyophilization. The 3D printed pectin hydrogels showed enhanced porosity and swelling kinetics, particularly in response to pH changes, while maintaining high hydrolytic stability and non-cytotoxicity. This approach provides a promising platform for developing dynamic, pectin-based bioinks in bio applications requiring of extrusion based additive manufacturing techniques.This research has been funded by the projects PID2020-113045GB C22 and PID2023-149734NB-C21 by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033, the “Industrial Doctorate” call (DIN2019-010868), and the DIGIMATER-CM project (TEC-2024/TEC-102) funded by the Community of MadridPeer reviewedElsevierMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Comunidad de MadridPérez, Luis Andrés [0000-0003-0731-4697]Hernández, Rebeca [0000-0001-7332-0134]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202620262026info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/416104https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105022157717reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-113045GB-C22info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-149734NB-C21https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124587Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4161042026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Genipin-crosslinked pectin hydrogels: A dual strategy for enhanced 3D printability and stability
title Genipin-crosslinked pectin hydrogels: A dual strategy for enhanced 3D printability and stability
spellingShingle Genipin-crosslinked pectin hydrogels: A dual strategy for enhanced 3D printability and stability
Mercado-Rico, Jorge
3d extrusion printing
Biomaterial inks
Chemical crosslinking
Hydrogels
Pectin
pH-responsive
title_short Genipin-crosslinked pectin hydrogels: A dual strategy for enhanced 3D printability and stability
title_full Genipin-crosslinked pectin hydrogels: A dual strategy for enhanced 3D printability and stability
title_fullStr Genipin-crosslinked pectin hydrogels: A dual strategy for enhanced 3D printability and stability
title_full_unstemmed Genipin-crosslinked pectin hydrogels: A dual strategy for enhanced 3D printability and stability
title_sort Genipin-crosslinked pectin hydrogels: A dual strategy for enhanced 3D printability and stability
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Mercado-Rico, Jorge
Pérez, Luis Andrés
Alonso, José María
Pérez-González, Raúl
Sáez-Martínez, Virginia
Mascaraque-León, Aroa
Haranczyk, Maciej
Echeverry-Rendón, Mónica
Hernández, Rebeca
author Mercado-Rico, Jorge
author_facet Mercado-Rico, Jorge
Pérez, Luis Andrés
Alonso, José María
Pérez-González, Raúl
Sáez-Martínez, Virginia
Mascaraque-León, Aroa
Haranczyk, Maciej
Echeverry-Rendón, Mónica
Hernández, Rebeca
author_role author
author2 Pérez, Luis Andrés
Alonso, José María
Pérez-González, Raúl
Sáez-Martínez, Virginia
Mascaraque-León, Aroa
Haranczyk, Maciej
Echeverry-Rendón, Mónica
Hernández, Rebeca
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Comunidad de Madrid
Pérez, Luis Andrés [0000-0003-0731-4697]
Hernández, Rebeca [0000-0001-7332-0134]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 3d extrusion printing
Biomaterial inks
Chemical crosslinking
Hydrogels
Pectin
pH-responsive
topic 3d extrusion printing
Biomaterial inks
Chemical crosslinking
Hydrogels
Pectin
pH-responsive
description The development of polysaccharide-based biomaterial inks with tailored physicochemical properties and dynamic responsiveness currently attracts a lot of scientific interest. Pectin, a natural and biocompatible polysaccharide, shows great promise for a wide range of biomedical applications, but its limited mechanical strength and printability constrain its application in 3D extrusion bioprinting. This study introduces a strategy to overcome these drawbacks via amine modification and genipin crosslinking, producing hydrogels with improved mechanical stability under physiological conditions. Pectin hydrogels formed at various amine:genipin ratios (1:0.6 to 1:3) exhibited elastic moduli values in the range of 3-5 KPa under physiological conditions, with crosslinking efficiency reaching a plateau. Biomaterial inks comprising crosslinked pectin particles were dispersed in a reactive aqueous pectin solution, thus enabling precise 3D extrusion of scaffolds with up to 7 layers, maintaining structural integrity post-lyophilization. The 3D printed pectin hydrogels showed enhanced porosity and swelling kinetics, particularly in response to pH changes, while maintaining high hydrolytic stability and non-cytotoxicity. This approach provides a promising platform for developing dynamic, pectin-based bioinks in bio applications requiring of extrusion based additive manufacturing techniques.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/416104
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105022157717
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/416104
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105022157717
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-113045GB-C22
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-149734NB-C21
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124587
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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