Co-hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste and sewage sludge: hydrochar characterization and potential application in agriculture

This study explores hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of garden and park waste, sewage sludge and food waste as a sustainable alternative for waste management, focusing on the enhancement of hydrochar properties and phytotoxicity reduction through post-treatments such as washing and aging. Additional...

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Autores: Martínez Sánchez, Lydia, Rubia Romero, María de los Ángeles de la, Esteban Fernández, Elvira, Díaz Nieto, Elena, Tobajas Vizcaíno, Montserrat
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Repositorio:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:biblosearchi::7d3784bd13a6c7f2389339ca7b77b43a
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10486/768060
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129744
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Co-hydrothermal carbonization
Phytotoxicity test
Post-treatment
Soil amendment
Tomato
Waste valorization
Química
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spelling Co-hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste and sewage sludge: hydrochar characterization and potential application in agricultureMartínez Sánchez, LydiaRubia Romero, María de los Ángeles de laEsteban Fernández, ElviraDíaz Nieto, ElenaTobajas Vizcaíno, MontserratCo-hydrothermal carbonizationPhytotoxicity testPost-treatmentSoil amendmentTomatoWaste valorizationQuímicaThis study explores hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of garden and park waste, sewage sludge and food waste as a sustainable alternative for waste management, focusing on the enhancement of hydrochar properties and phytotoxicity reduction through post-treatments such as washing and aging. Additionally, co-HTC of lignocellulosic waste mixed with the other two raw materials using several mixing ratios (1:3, 1:1, 3:1 wt:wt in dry basis) were carried out to assess potential beneficial effects on hydrochars characteristics. HTC reactions were done at 180 ◦ C for 1 h. Pyrolysis of individual feedstocks, at 650 ◦ C for 1 h, was also performed to compare biochar with hydrochars and co-hydrochars. Ultimate analysis reported high ash content in sewage sludge-derived chars, along with lower volatile matter and higher ash content in biochars respect to hydrochars, regardless of feedstock or mixing ratio in co-HTC. Hydrochars exhibited acidic pH, and those derived from sewage sludge and, especially, food waste showed electrical conductivity values remarkably higher than those from garden and park waste. Biochars displayed fewer surface functional groups and higher mineral concentration than hydrochars. Regarding leachates, those from food waste-derived hydrochars released higher concentrations of organic compounds, including potentially phytotoxic molecules, compared to those from lignocellulosic waste or sewage sludge. Nevertheless, phytotoxicity assays revealed that fresh hydrochars from sewage sludge and food waste inhibited tomato seed germination, whereas hydrochars from garden and park waste were not phytotoxic. Overall, co-HTC offers a promising approach for integrated waste valorization, enabling the production of hydrochars suitable for use as soil amendmentsThis work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities: MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501,100,011,033 and European Union “NextGenerationEU/PRTR” (TED2021-130287B-I00 and PID, 2022-138632OB-I00). L. Martinez-Sanchez has received financial support from the Madrid Regional Government (PIPF-2023/ECO-31000)ElsevierDepartamento de Ingeniería QuímicaFacultad de CienciasGobierno de España20262026-04-30research articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1VoRhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10486/768060https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129744reponame:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAMinstname:Universidad Autónoma de MadridInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:biblosearchi::7d3784bd13a6c7f2389339ca7b77b43a2026-06-23T12:46:27Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Co-hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste and sewage sludge: hydrochar characterization and potential application in agriculture
title Co-hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste and sewage sludge: hydrochar characterization and potential application in agriculture
spellingShingle Co-hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste and sewage sludge: hydrochar characterization and potential application in agriculture
Martínez Sánchez, Lydia
Co-hydrothermal carbonization
Phytotoxicity test
Post-treatment
Soil amendment
Tomato
Waste valorization
Química
title_short Co-hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste and sewage sludge: hydrochar characterization and potential application in agriculture
title_full Co-hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste and sewage sludge: hydrochar characterization and potential application in agriculture
title_fullStr Co-hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste and sewage sludge: hydrochar characterization and potential application in agriculture
title_full_unstemmed Co-hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste and sewage sludge: hydrochar characterization and potential application in agriculture
title_sort Co-hydrothermal carbonization of biowaste and sewage sludge: hydrochar characterization and potential application in agriculture
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Martínez Sánchez, Lydia
Rubia Romero, María de los Ángeles de la
Esteban Fernández, Elvira
Díaz Nieto, Elena
Tobajas Vizcaíno, Montserrat
author Martínez Sánchez, Lydia
author_facet Martínez Sánchez, Lydia
Rubia Romero, María de los Ángeles de la
Esteban Fernández, Elvira
Díaz Nieto, Elena
Tobajas Vizcaíno, Montserrat
author_role author
author2 Rubia Romero, María de los Ángeles de la
Esteban Fernández, Elvira
Díaz Nieto, Elena
Tobajas Vizcaíno, Montserrat
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Facultad de Ciencias
Gobierno de España
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Co-hydrothermal carbonization
Phytotoxicity test
Post-treatment
Soil amendment
Tomato
Waste valorization
Química
topic Co-hydrothermal carbonization
Phytotoxicity test
Post-treatment
Soil amendment
Tomato
Waste valorization
Química
description This study explores hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of garden and park waste, sewage sludge and food waste as a sustainable alternative for waste management, focusing on the enhancement of hydrochar properties and phytotoxicity reduction through post-treatments such as washing and aging. Additionally, co-HTC of lignocellulosic waste mixed with the other two raw materials using several mixing ratios (1:3, 1:1, 3:1 wt:wt in dry basis) were carried out to assess potential beneficial effects on hydrochars characteristics. HTC reactions were done at 180 ◦ C for 1 h. Pyrolysis of individual feedstocks, at 650 ◦ C for 1 h, was also performed to compare biochar with hydrochars and co-hydrochars. Ultimate analysis reported high ash content in sewage sludge-derived chars, along with lower volatile matter and higher ash content in biochars respect to hydrochars, regardless of feedstock or mixing ratio in co-HTC. Hydrochars exhibited acidic pH, and those derived from sewage sludge and, especially, food waste showed electrical conductivity values remarkably higher than those from garden and park waste. Biochars displayed fewer surface functional groups and higher mineral concentration than hydrochars. Regarding leachates, those from food waste-derived hydrochars released higher concentrations of organic compounds, including potentially phytotoxic molecules, compared to those from lignocellulosic waste or sewage sludge. Nevertheless, phytotoxicity assays revealed that fresh hydrochars from sewage sludge and food waste inhibited tomato seed germination, whereas hydrochars from garden and park waste were not phytotoxic. Overall, co-HTC offers a promising approach for integrated waste valorization, enabling the production of hydrochars suitable for use as soil amendments
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026-04-30
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv research article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
VoR
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10486/768060
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129744
url https://hdl.handle.net/10486/768060
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129744
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
instname:Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
instname_str Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
reponame_str Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
collection Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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