Ecotoxicity assessment of hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization of biomass waste
We evaluate the ecotoxicity of hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization (180 °C, 210 °C and 240 °C) of several biomass wastes (food waste, sewage sludge, swine manure and garden and park waste), with the aim on their applicability as soil amendments. Sequential washing of hydrochars showed both sig...
| Autores: | , , , , |
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| Formato: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Recursos: | Universidad Autónoma de Madrid |
| Repositorio: | Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/717926 |
| Acesso em linha: | http://hdl.handle.net/10486/717926 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2025.101909 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | Acute ecotoxicity analysis bioassays assessment biomass waste valorization escherichia coli hydrothermal carbonization soil amendment vibrio fischeri Química |
| Resumo: | We evaluate the ecotoxicity of hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization (180 °C, 210 °C and 240 °C) of several biomass wastes (food waste, sewage sludge, swine manure and garden and park waste), with the aim on their applicability as soil amendments. Sequential washing of hydrochars showed both significant solubilization of organic matter and mineral metals in the leachates and immobilization of heavy metals in the hydrochars. Toxi-ChromoTest™ and Microtox® acute toxicity tests were used to determine the ecotoxicity of the leachates. The increase of the number of washing cycles and the carbonization temperature, except for sewage sludge and garden and park waste for the latter, positively affected the reduction of ecotoxicity. All hydrochars were found to be non-ecotoxic (EC50 > 3,000 mg/L), with those derived from food waste and swine manure the most ecotoxic due to their high concentrations of phenolic and halogenated compounds. Conversely, hydrochars from sewage sludge showed the lowest toxicity. Both hydrochars and washed hydrochars from food waste, swine manure and garden and park waste fulfilled the criteria established in Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 for a potential use as organic soil amendments |
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