TRATAMIENTO BIOLÓGICO AEROBIO PARA AGUAS RESIDUALES CON ELEVADA CONDUCTIVIDAD Y CONCENTRACIÓN DE FENOLES
The treatment of an industrial wastewater has been carried out in this Doctoral Thesis. This wastewater is the spent brine generated from the lactic Fermentation step during the "Spanish Stile" Table Olives Production (FTOP). An integral treatment is proposed for the FTOP managemen...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2017 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) |
| Repositorio: | RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/83382 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/83382 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Pretratamiento Tratamiento biológico Tratamiento membranas Agua residual hipersalina compuestos fenólicos Aceitunas de mesa INGENIERIA QUIMICA |
| Sumario: | The treatment of an industrial wastewater has been carried out in this Doctoral Thesis. This wastewater is the spent brine generated from the lactic Fermentation step during the "Spanish Stile" Table Olives Production (FTOP). An integral treatment is proposed for the FTOP management, which finality is to reuse this effluent as a new brine or as solution for olives conservation. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL The main objective of pre-treatments was to reduce the pollutant concentration in the FTOP, to make easier the subsequent biological treatment. In addition, one of these pre-treatments also had as objective the recovery of the phenolic compounds from these wastewaters. These natural phenols are valuable compounds in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. - Organic matter and phenols removal pH adjustment, coagulants and flocculants addition and adsorption with powder activated carbon (PAC) were the techniques selected. Neither pH adjustment nor coagulation and flocculation achieved significant suspended solids and COD removal efficiencies. Therefore, these techniques were not considered as suitable pre-treatments for a subsequent biological treatment. The adsorption process achieved the highest COD and phenols removal percentages. The reaction time was optimized and adsorption was modelled by Langmuir isotherm. - Phenolic compounds recovery A non-ionic polymeric resin as adsorbent and ethanol as desorbent, were used to recover the phenolic compounds. The adsorption and desorption times were optimized; the adsorption process was described by a pseudo-second order kinetics and was fitted to Langmuir isotherm. Additionally, the resin reuse was evaluated. Three kinds of samples were used in the experiments: FTOP, ultrafiltrated FTOP and ultrafiltrated plus nanofiltrated FTOP. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT Sequential batch reactors (SBR) were used. Experiments consisted of three steps: - Start-up Two strategies for the process start-up were performed for biomass adaptation to the FTOP: 1) adaptation to the simultaneous presence of salt and phenolic compounds of FTOP and 2) pre-acclimation to saline environments using saline synthetic water without phenols and subsequent FTOP addition. The first strategy was the best, which achieved high COD (80%) and phenolic compounds (97%) removal efficiencies. Amounts of Proteobacteria population increased with increasing SBR conductivity. - Optimization process: performance and energy consumption In order to increase the pollutants removal efficiencies three studies were carried out: 1) nutrients optimal relationship in the FTOP was 250:5:1 (COD:Nitrogen:Phosphorous). The SBR performance decreased for a nutrients ratio below the optimal one. No improvement in the SBR performance was observed with excess nutrients addition, 2) the hydraulic retention time decreased from 40 to 16 days when SBR was fed with pre-treated FTOP by adsorption with carbon and 3) the increase and maintenance of mixed liquor temperature at 30ºC did not produce the expected results, driving to a SBR performance lower than that achieved in the SBR working at room temperature. More than 70% of the bacterial population belonged to the Proteobacteria phylum. Dominant ciliate specie (Pseudocohnilembus sp) was identified, which coexists with other flagellate specie (Chilomastix sp) in some periods of the experimental procedure. Aeration time during reaction step was decreased from 22 to 14 hours in order to optimize the energy consumption. The reduction in the reactor yield was negligible. TERTIARY TREATMENT The biological process showed that the 20% of organic matter of the FTOP was non-biodegradable. Thereby; a tertiary treatment including a combined membrane system (ultrafiltration and nanofiltration in a series configuration), was necessary in order to treat the SBR effluent. This system provided a suitable final effluent for its reuse. |
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