Recuperación de compuestos fenólicos contenidos en la salmuera residual del proceso de fermentación de las aceitunas de mesa mediante procesos de membrana: combinación de la ultrafiltración y la nanofiltración
Wastewater generated by the industry of table olives production stands out by its high salinity and high organic matter load and phenolic compounds concentration, which are difficult to degrade. These compounds have a double characteristic, on one hand, they have a fitotoxic nature harmful to the gr...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2017 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) |
| Repositorio: | RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/86142 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/86142 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Salmuera de fermentación aceitunas de mesa Recuperación de compuestos fenólicos Ultrafiltración Nanofiltración Modelos matemáticos Mecanismos de ensuciamiento INGENIERIA QUIMICA |
| Sumario: | Wastewater generated by the industry of table olives production stands out by its high salinity and high organic matter load and phenolic compounds concentration, which are difficult to degrade. These compounds have a double characteristic, on one hand, they have a fitotoxic nature harmful to the ground, but on the other hand, they also possess an antioxidant nature, which has a great interest for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries. The main aim of this work is the recovery of phenolic compounds from the residual brine generated in the table olives fermentation process. For this purpose, membrane processes, both ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF), and adsorption with resins have been considered. The permeate from the UF was used as feed for the NF step and the NF permeate was submitted to a non-ionic resins adsorption process. The UF and the NF experiments were performed at laboratory scale using flat organic membranes of different molecular weight cut off and material (UP005 and UH030 UF membranes and NF245 and NF270 NF membranes). The following operating conditions were varied: the transmembrane pressure (for each type of membranes, a range of 1 to 3 bar and 5 to 15 bar were considered, respectively), the crossflow velocity (between 2.2 to 3.7 m¿s-1 and 0.5 to 1.5 m¿s-1, for each type of membranes, respectively) and the volume reduction factor. The effect of these parameters on the permeate flux and the recovery of the phenolic compounds was studied. Furthermore, the influence of these parameters on the membrane fouling was analysed and the optimal cleaning protocols were selected. Moreover, the experimental results obtained in the UF step were fitted to mathematical models to predict the evolution of permeate flux with time. Adsorption was performed using a non-ionic resin, and desorption was carried out by using ethanol as a solvent. Results showed that the UF membranes were capable of eliminate nearly all the turbidity of the residual brine, obtaining a permeate stream with a greater purity of phenolic compounds. The best results in terms of permeate flux, chemical oxygen demand elimination and phenolic compounds recovery were reached using a UP005 membrane at 3 bar and 2.2 m¿s-1. The NF membranes could remove practically all the colour of the residual brine and to increase to a greater extent the purity of phenolic compounds in the permeate stream. The best results in terms of permeate flux, chemical oxygen demand elimination and phenolic compounds recovery were obtained using a NF245 membrane at 15 bar and 1.5 m¿s-1. The combination of both membrane processes increased the phenolic compounds/DQO ratio by 60% when compared to the residual brine. The subsequent adsorption step showed that it is possible to recover a high fraction (98 %) of the phenolic compounds (hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) present in the NF permeate, achieving a high purity (97%), and obtaining also an acid saline stream with low concentration of phenolic compounds. |
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