Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19

Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, whi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Muskiet, Frits A. J., Carrera Bastos, Pedro, Pruimboom, Leo, Lucía Mulas, Alejandro, Furman, David
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universidad Europea (UEM)
Repositorio:ABACUS. Repositorio de Producción Científica
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:abacus.universidadeuropea.com:11268/11296
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/11268/11296
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:COVID-19
Obesidad
Efectos fisiológicos
Virus
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spelling Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19Muskiet, Frits A. J.Carrera Bastos, PedroPruimboom, LeoLucía Mulas, AlejandroFurman, DavidCOVID-19ObesidadEfectos fisiológicosVirusObesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These induce the “Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3” (SOCS1/3), which deactivates the leptin receptor and also other SOCS1/3 sensitive cytokine receptors in immune cells, impairing the type I and III interferon early responses. By also upregulating SOCS1/3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 adds a significant boost to this. The ensuing consequence is a delayed but over-reactive immune response, characterized by high-grade inflammation (e.g., cytokine storm), endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation, thus leading to severe COVID-19. Superimposing an acute disturbance, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection, on metaflammation severely tests resilience. In the long run, metaflammation causes the “typical western” conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. Severe COVID-19 and other serious infectious diseases can be added to the list of its short-term consequences. Therefore, preventive measures should include not only vaccination and the well-established actions intended to avoid infection, but also dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at improving body composition and preventing or reversing metaflammation.20222022-05-2520222022-01-0120222022-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/11268/11296reponame:ABACUS. Repositorio de Producción Científicainstname:Universidad Europea (UEM)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Atribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:abacus.universidadeuropea.com:11268/112962026-06-11T12:41:27Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
title Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
spellingShingle Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
Muskiet, Frits A. J.
COVID-19
Obesidad
Efectos fisiológicos
Virus
title_short Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
title_full Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
title_fullStr Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
title_sort Obesity and Leptin Resistance in the Regulation of the Type I Interferon Early Response and the Increased Risk for Severe COVID-19
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Muskiet, Frits A. J.
Carrera Bastos, Pedro
Pruimboom, Leo
Lucía Mulas, Alejandro
Furman, David
author Muskiet, Frits A. J.
author_facet Muskiet, Frits A. J.
Carrera Bastos, Pedro
Pruimboom, Leo
Lucía Mulas, Alejandro
Furman, David
author_role author
author2 Carrera Bastos, Pedro
Pruimboom, Leo
Lucía Mulas, Alejandro
Furman, David
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv COVID-19
Obesidad
Efectos fisiológicos
Virus
topic COVID-19
Obesidad
Efectos fisiológicos
Virus
description Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These induce the “Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 1 and 3” (SOCS1/3), which deactivates the leptin receptor and also other SOCS1/3 sensitive cytokine receptors in immune cells, impairing the type I and III interferon early responses. By also upregulating SOCS1/3, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 adds a significant boost to this. The ensuing consequence is a delayed but over-reactive immune response, characterized by high-grade inflammation (e.g., cytokine storm), endothelial damage, and hypercoagulation, thus leading to severe COVID-19. Superimposing an acute disturbance, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection, on metaflammation severely tests resilience. In the long run, metaflammation causes the “typical western” conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. Severe COVID-19 and other serious infectious diseases can be added to the list of its short-term consequences. Therefore, preventive measures should include not only vaccination and the well-established actions intended to avoid infection, but also dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed at improving body composition and preventing or reversing metaflammation.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022-05-25
2022
2022-01-01
2022
2022-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/11268/11296
url http://hdl.handle.net/11268/11296
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Atribución 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:ABACUS. Repositorio de Producción Científica
instname:Universidad Europea (UEM)
instname_str Universidad Europea (UEM)
reponame_str ABACUS. Repositorio de Producción Científica
collection ABACUS. Repositorio de Producción Científica
repository.name.fl_str_mv
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