The Neurocognitive Phenotype of Excess Weight in Adolescents and Young Adults: Biological, Genetic, and Psychosocial Factors
[eng] INTRODUCTION: Excess weight is a complex health condition that is associated with the development of (multi)morbidity. The fact that adolescents with excess weight have a five- fold increased risk of maintaining this condition as adults highlights the need to study which factors favor its emer...
| Autor: | |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2024 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Barcelona |
| Repositorio: | Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/215602 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/215602 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/692285 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Neuropsicologia Obesitat Diagnòstic per la imatge Encèfal Factors de risc en les malalties Neuropsychology Obesity Diagnostic imaging Encephalon Risk factors in diseases |
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The Neurocognitive Phenotype of Excess Weight in Adolescents and Young Adults: Biological, Genetic, and Psychosocial Factors |
| title |
The Neurocognitive Phenotype of Excess Weight in Adolescents and Young Adults: Biological, Genetic, and Psychosocial Factors |
| spellingShingle |
The Neurocognitive Phenotype of Excess Weight in Adolescents and Young Adults: Biological, Genetic, and Psychosocial Factors Prunell Castañé, Anna Neuropsicologia Obesitat Diagnòstic per la imatge Encèfal Factors de risc en les malalties Neuropsychology Obesity Diagnostic imaging Encephalon Risk factors in diseases |
| title_short |
The Neurocognitive Phenotype of Excess Weight in Adolescents and Young Adults: Biological, Genetic, and Psychosocial Factors |
| title_full |
The Neurocognitive Phenotype of Excess Weight in Adolescents and Young Adults: Biological, Genetic, and Psychosocial Factors |
| title_fullStr |
The Neurocognitive Phenotype of Excess Weight in Adolescents and Young Adults: Biological, Genetic, and Psychosocial Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Neurocognitive Phenotype of Excess Weight in Adolescents and Young Adults: Biological, Genetic, and Psychosocial Factors |
| title_sort |
The Neurocognitive Phenotype of Excess Weight in Adolescents and Young Adults: Biological, Genetic, and Psychosocial Factors |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Prunell Castañé, Anna |
| author |
Prunell Castañé, Anna |
| author_facet |
Prunell Castañé, Anna |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Jurado, Ma. Ángeles (María Ángeles) Garolera i Freixa, Maite Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Neuropsicologia Obesitat Diagnòstic per la imatge Encèfal Factors de risc en les malalties Neuropsychology Obesity Diagnostic imaging Encephalon Risk factors in diseases |
| topic |
Neuropsicologia Obesitat Diagnòstic per la imatge Encèfal Factors de risc en les malalties Neuropsychology Obesity Diagnostic imaging Encephalon Risk factors in diseases |
| description |
[eng] INTRODUCTION: Excess weight is a complex health condition that is associated with the development of (multi)morbidity. The fact that adolescents with excess weight have a five- fold increased risk of maintaining this condition as adults highlights the need to study which factors favor its emergence and chronicity. The neurocognitive phenotype of excess weight could be referred to as the psychological and brain characteristics that represent a vulnerability to engage in behaviors that promote excess weight. Studying the correlates of this neurocognitive phenotype would help identify individuals at risk of developing excess weight and to propose specific interventions. HYPOTHESES: This thesis approaches excess weight beyond adiposity and targets biological, genetic, and psychosocial factors to study the neurocognitive phenotype of excess weight in adolescents and young adults. Consequently, the hypotheses of this thesis are threefold. First, excess weight and the A allele of the fat mass and obesity-related gene rs9939609 may be associated with lower structural connectivity in the reward network. Second, cardiometabolic factors usually present in excess weight may be associated with increased impulsivity and alterations in white matter microstructure. Third, stress, either led or followed by exposure to adverse childhood experiences or allostatic load, may be associated with poorer executive functioning. OBJECTIVES: In the first study, we aimed to investigate the structural connectivity patterns in the reward network according to body mass index and the genetic risk of obesity assessed by the A allele of the fat mass and obesity-related gene rs99396309. In the second study, we evaluated the association between cardiometabolic factors and both impulsivity and microstructural changes in white matter tracts typically associated with excess weight and impulsivity. In the third study, we examined whether executive functioning was vulnerable to physiological (allostatic load) and psychological stress (adverse childhood experiences). |
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2024 |
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2024 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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doctoralThesis |
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publishedVersion |
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https://hdl.handle.net/2445/215602 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/692285 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/2445/215602 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/692285 |
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Inglés |
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Inglés |
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cc by-nc-nd (c) Prunell Castañé, Anna, 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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cc by-nc-nd (c) Prunell Castañé, Anna, 2024 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/ |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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Universitat de Barcelona |
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Universitat de Barcelona |
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Tesis Doctorals - Facultat - Medicina i Ciències de la Salut reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UB instname:Universidad de Barcelona |
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Universidad de Barcelona |
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Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
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Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
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1869403384961826816 |
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The Neurocognitive Phenotype of Excess Weight in Adolescents and Young Adults: Biological, Genetic, and Psychosocial FactorsPrunell Castañé, AnnaNeuropsicologiaObesitatDiagnòstic per la imatgeEncèfalFactors de risc en les malaltiesNeuropsychologyObesityDiagnostic imagingEncephalonRisk factors in diseases[eng] INTRODUCTION: Excess weight is a complex health condition that is associated with the development of (multi)morbidity. The fact that adolescents with excess weight have a five- fold increased risk of maintaining this condition as adults highlights the need to study which factors favor its emergence and chronicity. The neurocognitive phenotype of excess weight could be referred to as the psychological and brain characteristics that represent a vulnerability to engage in behaviors that promote excess weight. Studying the correlates of this neurocognitive phenotype would help identify individuals at risk of developing excess weight and to propose specific interventions. HYPOTHESES: This thesis approaches excess weight beyond adiposity and targets biological, genetic, and psychosocial factors to study the neurocognitive phenotype of excess weight in adolescents and young adults. Consequently, the hypotheses of this thesis are threefold. First, excess weight and the A allele of the fat mass and obesity-related gene rs9939609 may be associated with lower structural connectivity in the reward network. Second, cardiometabolic factors usually present in excess weight may be associated with increased impulsivity and alterations in white matter microstructure. Third, stress, either led or followed by exposure to adverse childhood experiences or allostatic load, may be associated with poorer executive functioning. OBJECTIVES: In the first study, we aimed to investigate the structural connectivity patterns in the reward network according to body mass index and the genetic risk of obesity assessed by the A allele of the fat mass and obesity-related gene rs99396309. In the second study, we evaluated the association between cardiometabolic factors and both impulsivity and microstructural changes in white matter tracts typically associated with excess weight and impulsivity. In the third study, we examined whether executive functioning was vulnerable to physiological (allostatic load) and psychological stress (adverse childhood experiences).[cat] INTRODUCCIÓ: L'excés de pes és una condició de salut complexa que s'associa amb el desenvolupament de (multi)morbiditat. El fet que els adolescents amb excés de pes tinguin cinc vegades més risc de mantenir aquesta condició en l'edat adulta posa de manifest la necessitat d'estudiar quins factors afavoreixen la seva aparició i cronicitat. El fenotip neurocognitiu de l'excés de pes es podria referir a aquelles característiques psicològiques i cerebrals que representen una vulnerabilitat per adoptar comportaments que promouen l'excés de pes. Estudiar els correlats d'aquest fenotip neurocognitiu ajudaria a identificar individus amb risc de desenvolupar excés de pes i proposar intervencions específiques. HIPÒTESIS: Aquesta tesi aborda l'excés de pes més enllà de l'adipositat i se centra en factors biològics, genètics i psicosocials per estudiar el fenotip neurocognitiu de l'excés de pes en adolescents i adults joves. Així, aquesta tesi presenta tres hipòtesis. En primer lloc, l’excés de pes i l’al·lel A del gen associat a la massa grassa i l’obesitat rs99396309 podrien estar associats amb una connectivitat estructural més baixa a la xarxa de recompensa. En segon lloc, els factors cardiometabòlics habitualment presents en l'excés de pes podrien estar associats a una major impulsivitat i alteracions en la microestructura de la substància blanca. En tercer lloc, l'estrès, ja sigui precedit per l'exposició a experiències adverses en la infància o subseguit per la càrrega alostàtica, podria estar associat a un pitjor funcionament executiu. OBJECTIUS: En el primer estudi es va investigar els patrons de connectivitat estructural de la xarxa de recompensa segons l'índex de massa corporal i el risc genètic d'obesitat avaluat per l’al·lel A del gen associat a la massa grassa i l’obesitat rs99396309. En el segon estudi es va avaluar l'associació entre factors cardiometabòlics, la impulsivitat i els canvis microestructurals en els tractes de substància blanca normalment associats amb l'excés de pes i la impulsivitat. En el tercer estudi es va estudiar si les funcions executives eren vulnerables a l'estrès fisiològic (càrrega alostàtica) i psicològic (experiències adverses en la infància).Universitat de BarcelonaJurado, Ma. Ángeles (María Ángeles)Garolera i Freixa, MaiteUniversitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut2024info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/215602http://hdl.handle.net/10803/692285Tesis Doctorals - Facultat - Medicina i Ciències de la Salutreponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UBinstname:Universidad de BarcelonaIngléscc by-nc-nd (c) Prunell Castañé, Anna, 2024http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/2156022026-05-27T06:46:51Z |
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15,811543 |