Distribution of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in non conventional matrices and its applications in clinical toxicology

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") 3' is a 'psychedelic amphetamine' that has gained popularity over the past 20 years because of its ability to produce strong feelings of comfort, empathy, and connection to others. MDMA analysis in blood and urine samples h...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor: Pichini, Simona
Formato: tesis doctoral
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2005
País:España
Recursos:CBUC, CESCA
Repositorio:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red
OAI Identifier:oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/5384
Acesso em linha:http://www.tdx.cat/TDX-0119106-195119
http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5384
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Alternative matrices
Toxicology
3-4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Ciències de la Salut
615
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network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Distribution of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in non conventional matrices and its applications in clinical toxicology
title Distribution of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in non conventional matrices and its applications in clinical toxicology
spellingShingle Distribution of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in non conventional matrices and its applications in clinical toxicology
Pichini, Simona
Alternative matrices
Toxicology
3-4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Ciències de la Salut
615
title_short Distribution of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in non conventional matrices and its applications in clinical toxicology
title_full Distribution of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in non conventional matrices and its applications in clinical toxicology
title_fullStr Distribution of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in non conventional matrices and its applications in clinical toxicology
title_full_unstemmed Distribution of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in non conventional matrices and its applications in clinical toxicology
title_sort Distribution of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in non conventional matrices and its applications in clinical toxicology
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pichini, Simona
author Pichini, Simona
author_facet Pichini, Simona
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Farré Albaladejo, Magí
Torre Fornell, Rafael de la
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Farmacologia i de Terapèutica
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Alternative matrices
Toxicology
3-4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Ciències de la Salut
615
topic Alternative matrices
Toxicology
3-4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Ciències de la Salut
615
description 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") 3' is a 'psychedelic amphetamine' that has gained popularity over the past 20 years because of its ability to produce strong feelings of comfort, empathy, and connection to others. MDMA analysis in blood and urine samples have been consistently used for clinical pharmacology studies and forensic science cases. However, new developments in clinical toxicology require new analytical approaches and the use of alternative biological matrices for establishing whether individuals have consumed the drug, when and/or if they have been acting under the effect of the drug.<br/>It is postulated that MDMA physic-chemical properties: (i) pKa of around 9.9 corresponding to a weak base that facilitates the transfer of MDMA from plasma (pH=7.4) to fluids/matrices with a favourable pH gradient, (ii) high liposolubility with volumes of distribution between 6 and 7 liters per kilogram, (iii) low protein binding, favour its distribution to biological matrices in humans. Several non-conventional biological matrices such as hair, sweat and saliva, because of drug accumulation due to its physico-chemical properties, might be of use for the detection of past and recent exposure to MDMA.<br/>Three different studies were set-up. The study 1 investigating the pharmacokinetics of MDMA in saliva after a single oral dose administration of 100 mg to eight healthy volunteers, the second investigating the pharmacokinetics of MDMA in sweat after a single dose administration of 100 mg to eight healthy volunteers, and finally a study on segmental analysis of MDMA in hair of thirteen drug consumers with different patterns of consumption..The first study evidenced that MDMA is excreted in saliva, after a single 100 mg dose administration, with concentrations (range 1728.9-6510 µg/ml at 1.5 h after drug intake) one order of magnitude higher than those observed in plasma (range 134.9-223 µg/ml at 1.5 h after drug intake) and following a time course kinetics which parallels that of plasma and that of subjective effects and psychomotor performance. <br/>On-site testing by Drugwipe device proved suitable to detect individuals under the influence of drug effects in the first 6 hours after drug intake by non-invasive and rapid collection of salivary specimens.<br/>The second study showed that MDMA appears in sweat and can be quantified already in the first few hours after a single dose administration, when subjective effects are apparent (concentration range 3.2-1326 ng/pacth). This result makes:<br/>the sweat patch technology useful for monitoring MDMA accumulation in sweat at least during the 24 hours after a single administration, <br/>On-site sweat testing by drugwipe device suitable to detect individuals under the influence of drug effects by non-invasive and rapid collection of minute amounts of sweat.<br/>MDMA appears in hair from consumers (concentration range 1.2-12.6 ng/mg hair) and can be detected in hair segments corresponding to the last one, six and twelve month of repeated drug use. For this reason:<br/>Hair analysis of MDMA can be used to evaluate exposure or abstinence to the drug in the last months, hair concentration of MDMA in different hair segments can predict levels of drug use(r2=0.92) and can be eventually associated to chronic psychophysical effects induced by the repeated drug use.<br/>The measurement of MDMA in saliva is a valuable alternative to determination of plasma drug concentrations both in clinical and toxicological studies A common characteristic of the three different matrices is that the parent drug MDMA was always the principal, most abundant analyte detected, whose concentration could be associated with drug-induced effects and drug history. As already assessed, drug analysis in hair extends the information of drug consumption to a wider time-window than that of other non-invasive biological matrices, such as saliva and sweat. These latter two matrices can account for acute pharmacological effects induced by the drug, while results from hair testing can be used to assess repeated exposure to drug and eventual association with long term drug induced effects, such as neurotoxicity and psychological performance in the specific case of MDMA.
publishDate 2005
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2005
2006
2006
2011
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format doctoralThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://www.tdx.cat/TDX-0119106-195119
http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5384
url http://www.tdx.cat/TDX-0119106-195119
http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5384
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
reponame:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red
instname:CBUC, CESCA
instname_str CBUC, CESCA
reponame_str TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red
collection TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Distribution of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in non conventional matrices and its applications in clinical toxicologyPichini, SimonaAlternative matricesToxicology3-4-MethylenedioxymethamphetamineCiències de la Salut6153,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") 3' is a 'psychedelic amphetamine' that has gained popularity over the past 20 years because of its ability to produce strong feelings of comfort, empathy, and connection to others. MDMA analysis in blood and urine samples have been consistently used for clinical pharmacology studies and forensic science cases. However, new developments in clinical toxicology require new analytical approaches and the use of alternative biological matrices for establishing whether individuals have consumed the drug, when and/or if they have been acting under the effect of the drug.<br/>It is postulated that MDMA physic-chemical properties: (i) pKa of around 9.9 corresponding to a weak base that facilitates the transfer of MDMA from plasma (pH=7.4) to fluids/matrices with a favourable pH gradient, (ii) high liposolubility with volumes of distribution between 6 and 7 liters per kilogram, (iii) low protein binding, favour its distribution to biological matrices in humans. Several non-conventional biological matrices such as hair, sweat and saliva, because of drug accumulation due to its physico-chemical properties, might be of use for the detection of past and recent exposure to MDMA.<br/>Three different studies were set-up. The study 1 investigating the pharmacokinetics of MDMA in saliva after a single oral dose administration of 100 mg to eight healthy volunteers, the second investigating the pharmacokinetics of MDMA in sweat after a single dose administration of 100 mg to eight healthy volunteers, and finally a study on segmental analysis of MDMA in hair of thirteen drug consumers with different patterns of consumption..The first study evidenced that MDMA is excreted in saliva, after a single 100 mg dose administration, with concentrations (range 1728.9-6510 µg/ml at 1.5 h after drug intake) one order of magnitude higher than those observed in plasma (range 134.9-223 µg/ml at 1.5 h after drug intake) and following a time course kinetics which parallels that of plasma and that of subjective effects and psychomotor performance. <br/>On-site testing by Drugwipe device proved suitable to detect individuals under the influence of drug effects in the first 6 hours after drug intake by non-invasive and rapid collection of salivary specimens.<br/>The second study showed that MDMA appears in sweat and can be quantified already in the first few hours after a single dose administration, when subjective effects are apparent (concentration range 3.2-1326 ng/pacth). This result makes:<br/>the sweat patch technology useful for monitoring MDMA accumulation in sweat at least during the 24 hours after a single administration, <br/>On-site sweat testing by drugwipe device suitable to detect individuals under the influence of drug effects by non-invasive and rapid collection of minute amounts of sweat.<br/>MDMA appears in hair from consumers (concentration range 1.2-12.6 ng/mg hair) and can be detected in hair segments corresponding to the last one, six and twelve month of repeated drug use. For this reason:<br/>Hair analysis of MDMA can be used to evaluate exposure or abstinence to the drug in the last months, hair concentration of MDMA in different hair segments can predict levels of drug use(r2=0.92) and can be eventually associated to chronic psychophysical effects induced by the repeated drug use.<br/>The measurement of MDMA in saliva is a valuable alternative to determination of plasma drug concentrations both in clinical and toxicological studies A common characteristic of the three different matrices is that the parent drug MDMA was always the principal, most abundant analyte detected, whose concentration could be associated with drug-induced effects and drug history. As already assessed, drug analysis in hair extends the information of drug consumption to a wider time-window than that of other non-invasive biological matrices, such as saliva and sweat. These latter two matrices can account for acute pharmacological effects induced by the drug, while results from hair testing can be used to assess repeated exposure to drug and eventual association with long term drug induced effects, such as neurotoxicity and psychological performance in the specific case of MDMA.Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaFarré Albaladejo, MagíTorre Fornell, Rafael de laUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Farmacologia i de Terapèutica2011200620052006info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://www.tdx.cat/TDX-0119106-195119http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5384TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)reponame:TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Redinstname:CBUC, CESCAInglésADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:www.tdx.cat:10803/53842026-06-14T12:46:07Z
score 15.300719

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