Lifestyles and Risk Factors Associated with Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: A Baseline Assessment of the PREDIMED Trial

Background: The traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is associated with longevity and low rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is little information on who is more likely to follow this food pattern. Aim: To evaluate how different factors are associated with lower Med...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Hu, Emily A., Toledo, Estefanía, Díez-Espino, Javier, Estruch, Ramon, Corella, Dolores, Salas-Salvado, Jordi, Vinyoles, Ernest, Gomez-Gracia, Enrique, Aros, Fernando, Fiol Sala, Miquel, Lapetra, Jose, Serra-Majem, Lluis, Pinto, Xavier, Puy Portillo, Maria, Lamuela-Raventos, Rosa M., Ros, Emilio, Sorli, Jose V., Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel
Format: article
Publication Date:2013
Country:España
Institution:Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
Repository:Docusalut
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:docusalut.com:20.500.13003/12876
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/12876
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Female
Residence Characteristics
Aged, 80 and over
Aged
Cardiovascular Diseases
Humans
Life Style
Socioeconomic Factors
Middle Aged
Male
Patient Compliance
Risk Factors
Diet, Mediterranean
Características de la Residencia
Dieta Mediterránea
Femenino
Masculino
Factores Socioeconómicos
Cooperación del Paciente
Factores de Riesgo
Humanos
Persona de Mediana Edad
Estilo de Vida
Anciano
Anciano de 80 o más Años
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares
Description
Summary:Background: The traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is associated with longevity and low rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is little information on who is more likely to follow this food pattern. Aim: To evaluate how different factors are associated with lower MedDiet adherence in older Spanish subjects. Methods: We included 7305 participants (men aged 55-80 y, women 60-80 y) at high-risk of CVD recruited into the PREDIMED trial (ISRCTN35739639). Socioeconomic, anthropometric, lifestyle characteristics and CVD risk factors were recorded. A validated 14-item questionnaire was used to evaluate MedDiet adherence at baseline. Multivariate models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for lower adherence to the MedDiet (<9 points out of 14) and ascertain factors independently associated with it. Results: Former smoking (OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98), physical activity (OR for the 3rd vs. the 1st tertile: 0.69; 0.62-0.78), and higher educational level (OR for university vs. less than primary school: 0.54; 0.38-0.77) were associated with higher MedDiet adherence. Conversely, having a larger waist-to-height ratio (OR for 0.1 units, 1.35; 1.22-1.49), being diabetic (OR = 1.13; 1.03-1.24), being single (OR = 1.27; 1.01-1.61) or divorced or separated (OR = 1.44; 1.09-1.89), and current smoking (OR = 1.28; 1.11-1.47) were associated with lower adherence. Conclusions: Participants with little education, a larger waist-to-height ratio, or diabetes and those who were less physically active, single, divorced or separated, or smokers were less likely to adhere to the MedDiet, an ideal model for food choices. Stronger efforts of health promotion are needed in these groups to foster adoption of the MedDiet.

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