Association of adiposity and its changes over time with COVID-19 risk in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome: a longitudinal evaluation in the PREDIMED-Plus cohort

Background: Cross-sectionally, older age and obesity are associated with increased coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) risk. We assessed the longitudinal associations of baseline and changes in adiposity parameters with COVID-19 incidence in older adults at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: This an...

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Authors: Shyam, Sangeetha, García-Gavilán, Jesús Francisco, Paz-Graniel, Indira, Gaforio, José J, Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Corella, Dolores, Martínez, J Alfredo, Alonso-Gómez, Ángel M, Wärnberg, Julia, Vioque, Jesus, Romaguera, Dora, López-Miranda, José, Estruch, Ramon, Tinahones, Francisco J, Lapetra, José, Serra-Majem, Lluis, Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora, Tur, Josep A, Sanchez, Vicente Martin, Pintó, Xavier, Matía-Martín, Pilar, Vidal, Josep, Vazquez, Clotilde, Daimiel, Lidia, Ros, Emilio, Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando, Nishi, Stephanie K, Garcia-Regata, Oscar, Toledo, Estefanía, Asensio, Eva M, Castañer, Olga, Garcia-Rios, Antonio, Torres-Collado, Laura, Gómez-Gracia, Enrique, Zulet, M Angeles, Goñi-Ruiz, Nuria, Casas, Rosa, Cano-Ibáñez, Naomi, Tojal-Sierra, Lucas, Gómez-Perez, A M, Sorli, Jose V, Cinza-Sanjurjo, Sergio, Martín-Peláez, Sandra, Peña-Orihuela, Patricia J, Oncina-Canovas, Alejandro, Perez-Araluce, Rafael, Zomeño, María Dolores, Chaplin, Alice, Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel, Babio, Nancy, Fitó, Montserrat, Salas-Salvado, Jordi
Format: article
Publication Date:2023
Country:España
Institution:Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
Repository:Repisalud
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:repisalud.isciii.es:20.500.12105/23594
Online Access:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12105/23594
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Índice de Masa Corporal
Síndrome Metabólico
Femenino
COVID-19
Masculino
Circunferencia de la Cintura
Factores de Riesgo
Humanos
Obesidad
Persona de Mediana Edad
Anciano
Peso Corporal
Sobrepeso
Adiposidad
Metabolic Syndrome
Aged
Body Weight
Humans
Middle Aged
Obesity
Male
Female
Risk Factors
Adiposity
Body Mass Index
Overweight
Waist Circumference
Description
Summary:Background: Cross-sectionally, older age and obesity are associated with increased coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) risk. We assessed the longitudinal associations of baseline and changes in adiposity parameters with COVID-19 incidence in older adults at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: This analysis included 6874 men and women (aged 55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus lifestyle intervention trial for cardiovascular risk reduction. Body weight, body-mass-index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and a body shape index (ABSI) were measured at baseline and annual follow-up visits. COVID-19 was ascertained by an independent Event Committee until 31 December 2021. Cox regression models were fitted to evaluate the risk of COVID-19 incidence based on baseline adiposity parameters measured 5-6 years before the pandemic and their changes at the visit prior to censoring. Results: At the time of censoring, 653 incident COVID-19 cases occurred. Higher baseline body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and WHtR were associated with increased COVID-19 risk. During the follow-up, every unit increase in body weight (HRadj (95%CI): 1.01 (1.00, 1.03)) and BMI (HRadj: 1.04 (1.003, 1.08)) was associated with increased COVID-19 risk. Conclusions: In older adults with overweight/obesity, clinically significant weight loss may protect against COVID-19. Trial registration: This study is registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCT; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870).

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