Diversity and structure of the cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico
Introduction: Cloud forests are noted for their narrow distribution in tropical mountain systems. Floristically, they are complex and heterogeneous, and there are still information gaps that hinder understanding how their diversity and structure varies. Objective: To analyze patterns of diversity, s...
| Autor: | |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2023 |
| País: | Costa Rica |
| Institución: | Universidad de Costa Rica |
| Repositorio: | Portal de Revistas UCR |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:portal.ucr.ac.cr:article/50771 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/50771 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | bosque de montaña conservación disturbio gradiente ambiental patrones de diversidad Región Mesoamericana montane forests conservation disturbance environmental gradient patterns of diversity Mesoamerican region |
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Diversity and structure of the cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico Diversidad y estructura del bosque de niebla en la Sierra Madre de Chiapas, México |
| title |
Diversity and structure of the cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico |
| spellingShingle |
Diversity and structure of the cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico Martínez-Camilo, Rubén bosque de montaña conservación disturbio gradiente ambiental patrones de diversidad Región Mesoamericana montane forests conservation disturbance environmental gradient patterns of diversity Mesoamerican region |
| title_short |
Diversity and structure of the cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico |
| title_full |
Diversity and structure of the cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico |
| title_fullStr |
Diversity and structure of the cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Diversity and structure of the cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico |
| title_sort |
Diversity and structure of the cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Martínez-Camilo, Rubén |
| author |
Martínez-Camilo, Rubén |
| author_facet |
Martínez-Camilo, Rubén |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
bosque de montaña conservación disturbio gradiente ambiental patrones de diversidad Región Mesoamericana montane forests conservation disturbance environmental gradient patterns of diversity Mesoamerican region |
| topic |
bosque de montaña conservación disturbio gradiente ambiental patrones de diversidad Región Mesoamericana montane forests conservation disturbance environmental gradient patterns of diversity Mesoamerican region |
| description |
Introduction: Cloud forests are noted for their narrow distribution in tropical mountain systems. Floristically, they are complex and heterogeneous, and there are still information gaps that hinder understanding how their diversity and structure varies. Objective: To analyze patterns of diversity, structure, and composition of the cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico. Methods: In 40 0.1 ha plots distributed in five sites in approximately 200 km, woody plants were measured and censused. The plots were located within an elevational belt between 1 700 and 2 100 m.a.s.l. With an analysis of variance, we determined the differences in true diversity and structure among the sites. The effect of environmental variables (climate and elevation gradient) was analyzed with simple regression models. To determine the effect of the environmental variables on floristic composition, multivariate methods were used. Results: In total, we recorded 4 021 individuals belonging to 220 species and 60 families. In true diversity, significant differences were found only in 0D (species richness), with a slight increase toward the central part of the study area. In the parameters 1D and 2D, diversity was constant. No significant differences were observed in tree density or basal area between sites. However, there was a significant decrease in density as elevation increased, while basal area increased toward higher parts. Beta diversity and differentiation in floristic composition are high and important between the plots of the same site, and they increase with increased distance between sites. Conclusions: Beta diversity and floristic differentiation contribute to variation to a greater degree in the cloud forest. Climatic variables and altitude have different effects on diversity and structure. Objective: In this study, we analyzed the patterns of diversity, structure and composition of the cloud forest in the physiographic region Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico. Methods: In forty 0.1 ha plot distributed in five sites along almost 200 km in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, we measured and censused the woody plants with a diameter at breast height of ≥ 5 cm. The plots were determined in an altitudinal belt between 1700 to 2100 m. With an analysis of variance, we determined the differences in richness, alpha diversity and structure among the sites, as well as simple regression models to evaluate the effect of environmental variables and altitude. We used multivariate methods to determine the variation in composition and the effect of environmental variables. Results: In the census, we found 4 021 individuals belonging to 220 species and 60 families. Richness increased slightly toward the middle part, but significant differences were detected only between Pico de Loro and El Triunfo. Alpha diversity was constant in all the sites. No pattern was observed in density and basal area among the sites, but there was a statistically significant relationship with altitude (or temperature): a reduction in density with altitude and an increase in basal area. Beta diversity and differentiation in floristic composition is high and important among the plots of the same site and increases with distance between sites. Conclusions: Beta diversity and floristic differentiation contribute to a greater extent to variation in the cloud forest. Climatic parameters and altitude have different effects, depending on the community parameter evaluated. However, the importance of historic factors related to the geology and natural and human disturbance that operate differentially throughout the Sierra Madre de Chiapas is also suggested. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-05-04 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion artículo original http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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article |
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https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/50771 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.50771 |
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https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/50771 |
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10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.50771 |
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spa |
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https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/50771/56017 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/50771/56018 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/50771/56019 |
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Derechos de autor 2023 Revista de Biología Tropical http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 acceso abierto http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Derechos de autor 2023 Revista de Biología Tropical http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 acceso abierto http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf text/html application/pdf |
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Universidad de Costa Rica |
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Universidad de Costa Rica |
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Revista de Biología Tropical; Vol. 71 No. 1 (2023): Revista de Biología Tropical (Rev. Biol. Trop.): Continuous publication, 01 January - 31 December 2023; e50771 Revista de Biología Tropical; Vol. 71 Núm. 1 (2023): Revista de Biología Tropical (Rev. Biol. Trop.): Continuous publication, 01 January - 31 December 2023; e50771 Revista Biología Tropical; Vol. 71 N.º 1 (2023): Revista de Biología Tropical (Rev. Biol. Trop.): Continuous publication, 01 January - 31 December 2023; e50771 2215-2075 0034-7744 10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.2023 reponame:Portal de Revistas UCR instname:Universidad de Costa Rica instacron:UCR |
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Universidad de Costa Rica |
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UCR |
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UCR |
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Portal de Revistas UCR |
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Portal de Revistas UCR |
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Portal de Revistas UCR - Universidad de Costa Rica |
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jorge.polanco@ucr.ac.cr |
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1849325391133540352 |
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Diversity and structure of the cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, MexicoDiversidad y estructura del bosque de niebla en la Sierra Madre de Chiapas, MéxicoMartínez-Camilo, Rubénbosque de montañaconservacióndisturbiogradiente ambientalpatrones de diversidadRegión Mesoamericanamontane forestsconservationdisturbanceenvironmental gradientpatterns of diversityMesoamerican regionIntroduction: Cloud forests are noted for their narrow distribution in tropical mountain systems. Floristically, they are complex and heterogeneous, and there are still information gaps that hinder understanding how their diversity and structure varies. Objective: To analyze patterns of diversity, structure, and composition of the cloud forest in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico. Methods: In 40 0.1 ha plots distributed in five sites in approximately 200 km, woody plants were measured and censused. The plots were located within an elevational belt between 1 700 and 2 100 m.a.s.l. With an analysis of variance, we determined the differences in true diversity and structure among the sites. The effect of environmental variables (climate and elevation gradient) was analyzed with simple regression models. To determine the effect of the environmental variables on floristic composition, multivariate methods were used. Results: In total, we recorded 4 021 individuals belonging to 220 species and 60 families. In true diversity, significant differences were found only in 0D (species richness), with a slight increase toward the central part of the study area. In the parameters 1D and 2D, diversity was constant. No significant differences were observed in tree density or basal area between sites. However, there was a significant decrease in density as elevation increased, while basal area increased toward higher parts. Beta diversity and differentiation in floristic composition are high and important between the plots of the same site, and they increase with increased distance between sites. Conclusions: Beta diversity and floristic differentiation contribute to variation to a greater degree in the cloud forest. Climatic variables and altitude have different effects on diversity and structure. Objective: In this study, we analyzed the patterns of diversity, structure and composition of the cloud forest in the physiographic region Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico. Methods: In forty 0.1 ha plot distributed in five sites along almost 200 km in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, we measured and censused the woody plants with a diameter at breast height of ≥ 5 cm. The plots were determined in an altitudinal belt between 1700 to 2100 m. With an analysis of variance, we determined the differences in richness, alpha diversity and structure among the sites, as well as simple regression models to evaluate the effect of environmental variables and altitude. We used multivariate methods to determine the variation in composition and the effect of environmental variables. Results: In the census, we found 4 021 individuals belonging to 220 species and 60 families. Richness increased slightly toward the middle part, but significant differences were detected only between Pico de Loro and El Triunfo. Alpha diversity was constant in all the sites. No pattern was observed in density and basal area among the sites, but there was a statistically significant relationship with altitude (or temperature): a reduction in density with altitude and an increase in basal area. Beta diversity and differentiation in floristic composition is high and important among the plots of the same site and increases with distance between sites. Conclusions: Beta diversity and floristic differentiation contribute to a greater extent to variation in the cloud forest. Climatic parameters and altitude have different effects, depending on the community parameter evaluated. However, the importance of historic factors related to the geology and natural and human disturbance that operate differentially throughout the Sierra Madre de Chiapas is also suggested.Introducción: Los bosques de niebla se caracterizan por su distribución insular en sistemas montañosos tropicales. Florísticamente son complejos y heterogéneos, aunque todavía se tienen vacíos de información para comprender la variación de sus atributos de diversidad y estructura. Objetivo: Analizar los patrones de diversidad, estructura y composición del bosque de niebla en la Sierra Madre de Chiapas, México. Métodos: En 40 parcelas de 0.1 ha distribuidas en cinco sitios en aproximadamente 200 km, se midieron y censaron las plantas leñosas. Las parcelas se realizaron en un cinturón altitudinal de 1 700 a 2 100 m.s.n.m. Se determinaron las diferencias en la diversidad alfa (diversidad verdadera) y de estructura entre sitios con análisis de varianza y se evaluó el efecto de variables ambientales (climáticas y de altitud) con modelos de regresión simple, para determinar el efecto de las variables ambientales sobre la composición florística se utilizaron métodos multivariados. Resultados: Se censaron 4 021 individuos de 220 especies y 60 familias. En la diversidad verdadera, únicamente en 0D (riqueza de especies) se encontraron diferencias significativas, con un ligero incremento hacia la parte central del área de estudio, en los parámetros 1D y 2D la diversidad fue constante. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la densidad de árboles y área basal entre los sitios; pero si se encontró que la densidad disminuye significativamente con la altitud, mientras que el área basal se incrementa hacia las partes altas. La diversidad beta y la diferenciación en la composición florística es alta e importante entre las parcelas de un mismo sitio y se incrementa con la distancia entre los sitios. Conclusiones: La diversidad beta y la diferenciación florística contribuyen en mayor medida a la variación del bosque de niebla. Las variables climáticas y la altitud tienen efectos distintos sobre la diversidad y estructura. Objetivo: En este estudio se analizaron los patrones de diversidad, estructura y composición del bosque de niebla en la región fisiográfica Sierra Madre de Chiapas, México. Métodos: En 40 parcelas de 0.1 ha distribuidos en cinco sitios a lo largo de ca. 200 km en la Sierra Madre de Chiapas, se midieron y censaron las plantas leñosas con un diámetro a la altura del pecho ≥ 5 cm. Las parcelas se realizaron en un cinturón altitudinal de 1700 a 2100 m s.n.m. Con análisis de varianza se determinaron las diferencias en la riqueza, diversidad alfa y de estructura entre sitios, así como modelos de regresión simple para evaluar el efecto de variables ambientales y la altitud. Se utilizaron métodos multivariados para determinar la variación de la composición y el efecto de las variables ambientales. Resultados: Se censaron 4 021 individuos de 220 especies y 60 familias. La riqueza se incrementó ligeramente hacia la parte media, pero solo se detectó diferencias significativas entre Pico de Loro y el Triunfo. La diversidad alfa fue constante en todos los sitios. No se observó un patrón de la densidad y el área basal entre los sitios, pero si una relación significativa estadísticamente con la altitud (o temperatura): una reducción de la densidad con la altitud y un incremento del área basal. La diversidad beta y la diferenciación en la composición florística es alta e importante entre las parcelas de un mismo sitio y se incrementa con la distancia entre los sitios. Conclusiones: La diversidad beta y la diferenciación florística contribuyen en mayor medida a la variación del bosque de niebla. Las variables climáticas y la altitud tienen efectos distintos dependiendo del parámetro evaluado de la comunidad. Aunque también se sugiere la importancia de factores históricos relacionados con la geología y de disturbio natural y humano que operan diferencialmente a lo largo de la Sierra Madre de Chiapas.Universidad de Costa Rica2023-05-04info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionartículo originalhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdftext/htmlapplication/pdfhttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/5077110.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.50771Revista de Biología Tropical; Vol. 71 No. 1 (2023): Revista de Biología Tropical (Rev. Biol. Trop.): Continuous publication, 01 January - 31 December 2023; e50771Revista de Biología Tropical; Vol. 71 Núm. 1 (2023): Revista de Biología Tropical (Rev. Biol. Trop.): Continuous publication, 01 January - 31 December 2023; e50771Revista Biología Tropical; Vol. 71 N.º 1 (2023): Revista de Biología Tropical (Rev. Biol. Trop.): Continuous publication, 01 January - 31 December 2023; e507712215-20750034-774410.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.2023reponame:Portal de Revistas UCRinstname:Universidad de Costa Ricainstacron:UCRspahttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/50771/56017https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/50771/56018https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/50771/56019Derechos de autor 2023 Revista de Biología Tropicalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0acceso abiertohttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-10-29T21:43:35Zoai:portal.ucr.ac.cr:article/50771Portal de revistashttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/Universidadhttp://www.ucr.ac.crhttps://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/index/oaijorge.polanco@ucr.ac.crCosta RicaNo aplicaNo aplicaNo aplicaopendoar:2025-08-13T10:25:57.852Portal de Revistas UCR - Universidad de Costa Ricafalse |
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15,198674 |