Over-indebtedness, banking frauds, and legal protection in Brazil: the existential minimum and human dignity in the protection of the elderly

The evolution of society has brought technological innovation and increased consumption, driven by easy credit, such as payroll loans. However, retired seniors are vulnerable to abusive practices by financial institutions, suffering undue discounts on their social security benefits. The 1988 Federal...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Silva, Erica Alcina Santos da, Santos, Jorge Luis Ribeiro dos
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:Brasil
Recursos:Editora JRG
Repositorio:Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicos
Idioma:portugués
OAI Identifier:oai:ojs2.revistajrg.com:article/1968
Acesso em linha:http://revistajrg.com/index.php/jrg/article/view/1968
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Mínimo Existencial
Práticas Abusivas
Empréstimos
Superendividamento
Aposentadoria
Minimum Existence
Abusive Practices
Loans
Over-indebtedness
Pension
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oai_identifier_str oai:ojs2.revistajrg.com:article/1968
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Over-indebtedness, banking frauds, and legal protection in Brazil: the existential minimum and human dignity in the protection of the elderly
O superendividamento, as fraudes bancárias e a proteção jurídica no Brasil: o mínimo existencial e a dignidade da pessoa humana na proteção do idoso
title Over-indebtedness, banking frauds, and legal protection in Brazil: the existential minimum and human dignity in the protection of the elderly
spellingShingle Over-indebtedness, banking frauds, and legal protection in Brazil: the existential minimum and human dignity in the protection of the elderly
Silva, Erica Alcina Santos da
Mínimo Existencial
Práticas Abusivas
Empréstimos
Superendividamento
Aposentadoria
Minimum Existence
Abusive Practices
Loans
Over-indebtedness
Pension
title_short Over-indebtedness, banking frauds, and legal protection in Brazil: the existential minimum and human dignity in the protection of the elderly
title_full Over-indebtedness, banking frauds, and legal protection in Brazil: the existential minimum and human dignity in the protection of the elderly
title_fullStr Over-indebtedness, banking frauds, and legal protection in Brazil: the existential minimum and human dignity in the protection of the elderly
title_full_unstemmed Over-indebtedness, banking frauds, and legal protection in Brazil: the existential minimum and human dignity in the protection of the elderly
title_sort Over-indebtedness, banking frauds, and legal protection in Brazil: the existential minimum and human dignity in the protection of the elderly
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Silva, Erica Alcina Santos da
Santos, Jorge Luis Ribeiro dos
author Silva, Erica Alcina Santos da
author_facet Silva, Erica Alcina Santos da
Santos, Jorge Luis Ribeiro dos
author_role author
author2 Santos, Jorge Luis Ribeiro dos
author2_role author
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Mínimo Existencial
Práticas Abusivas
Empréstimos
Superendividamento
Aposentadoria
Minimum Existence
Abusive Practices
Loans
Over-indebtedness
Pension
topic Mínimo Existencial
Práticas Abusivas
Empréstimos
Superendividamento
Aposentadoria
Minimum Existence
Abusive Practices
Loans
Over-indebtedness
Pension
description The evolution of society has brought technological innovation and increased consumption, driven by easy credit, such as payroll loans. However, retired seniors are vulnerable to abusive practices by financial institutions, suffering undue discounts on their social security benefits. The 1988 Federal Constitution protects consumers and ensures human dignity, directly linked to the concept of Minimum Existence, guaranteeing basic rights such as housing and health. The Consumer Protection Code (CDC) classifies financial abuse as illegal, imposing sanctions such as double refunds and compensation for moral damages. In addition, Summary 297 of the Superior Court of Justice confirms the applicability of the CDC to financial institutions, reinforcing consumer protection. A common and harmful practice is the hiring of the Consignable Margin Reserve (RMC), which discounts amounts from retirees without a defined term, resulting in ongoing debt. Many seniors, who are digitally illiterate and have little family support, are unable to identify or contest these charges. To address over-indebtedness, Law 14.181/2021 was created, improving consumer protection and allowing debt renegotiation, while preserving the Minimum Existence. The limit of 30% of monthly income for discounts is also being discussed, according to INSS IN 28/2008, aiming to avoid the financial vulnerability of the elderly. Despite the regulations, abusive practices persist, harming retirees and disrespecting their fundamental rights.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025-03-28
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Artigo avaliado pelos Pares
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dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://revistajrg.com/index.php/jrg/article/view/1968
10.55892/jrg.v8i18.1968
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dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
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dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv http://revistajrg.com/index.php/jrg/article/view/1968/1586
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Editora JRG
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Editora JRG
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv JRG Journal of Academic Studies; Vol. 8 No. 18 (2025): Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicos; e081968
JRG Journal of Academic Studies ; Vol. 8 Núm. 18 (2025): Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicos; e081968
JRG Journal of Academic Studies; V. 8 N. 18 (2025): Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicos; e081968
Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicos ; v. 8 n. 18 (2025): Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicos; e081968
2595-1661
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spelling Over-indebtedness, banking frauds, and legal protection in Brazil: the existential minimum and human dignity in the protection of the elderlyO superendividamento, as fraudes bancárias e a proteção jurídica no Brasil: o mínimo existencial e a dignidade da pessoa humana na proteção do idosoMínimo ExistencialPráticas AbusivasEmpréstimosSuperendividamentoAposentadoriaMinimum ExistenceAbusive PracticesLoansOver-indebtednessPensionThe evolution of society has brought technological innovation and increased consumption, driven by easy credit, such as payroll loans. However, retired seniors are vulnerable to abusive practices by financial institutions, suffering undue discounts on their social security benefits. The 1988 Federal Constitution protects consumers and ensures human dignity, directly linked to the concept of Minimum Existence, guaranteeing basic rights such as housing and health. The Consumer Protection Code (CDC) classifies financial abuse as illegal, imposing sanctions such as double refunds and compensation for moral damages. In addition, Summary 297 of the Superior Court of Justice confirms the applicability of the CDC to financial institutions, reinforcing consumer protection. A common and harmful practice is the hiring of the Consignable Margin Reserve (RMC), which discounts amounts from retirees without a defined term, resulting in ongoing debt. Many seniors, who are digitally illiterate and have little family support, are unable to identify or contest these charges. To address over-indebtedness, Law 14.181/2021 was created, improving consumer protection and allowing debt renegotiation, while preserving the Minimum Existence. The limit of 30% of monthly income for discounts is also being discussed, according to INSS IN 28/2008, aiming to avoid the financial vulnerability of the elderly. Despite the regulations, abusive practices persist, harming retirees and disrespecting their fundamental rights.A evolução da sociedade trouxe inovação tecnológica e aumento do consumo, impulsionado por crédito facilitado, como o empréstimo consignado. Contudo, idosos aposentados são vulneráveis a práticas abusivas das instituições financeiras, sofrendo descontos indevidos em seus benefícios previdenciários. A Constituição Federal de 1988 protege os consumidores e assegura a dignidade da pessoa humana, diretamente ligada ao conceito de Mínimo Existencial, garantindo direitos básicos como moradia e saúde. O Código de Defesa do Consumidor (CDC) classifica abusos financeiros como ilegais, impondo sanções como devolução em dobro e indenização por danos morais. Além disso, a Súmula 297 do Superior Tribunal de Justiça confirma a aplicabilidade do CDC às instituições financeiras, reforçando a proteção dos consumidores. Uma prática comum e prejudicial é a contratação da Reserva de Margem Consignável (RMC), que desconta valores dos aposentados sem prazo definido, resultando em endividamento contínuo. Muitos idosos, analfabetos digitais e com pouco suporte familiar, não conseguem identificar ou contestar essas cobranças. Para enfrentar o superendividamento, a Lei 14.181/2021 foi criada, aprimorando a defesa do consumidor e permitindo a renegociação de dívidas, preservando o Mínimo Existencial. Também se discute o limite de 30% da renda mensal para descontos, conforme a IN 28/2008 do INSS, visando evitar a vulnerabilidade financeira dos idosos. Apesar das regulamentações, práticas abusivas persistem, prejudicando aposentados e desrespeitando seus direitos fundamentais.Editora JRG2025-03-28info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionArtigo avaliado pelos Paresapplication/pdfhttp://revistajrg.com/index.php/jrg/article/view/196810.55892/jrg.v8i18.1968ark:/57118/JRG.v8i18.1968JRG Journal of Academic Studies; Vol. 8 No. 18 (2025): Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicos; e081968JRG Journal of Academic Studies ; Vol. 8 Núm. 18 (2025): Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicos; e081968JRG Journal of Academic Studies; V. 8 N. 18 (2025): Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicos; e081968Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicos ; v. 8 n. 18 (2025): Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicos; e0819682595-1661ark:/57118/jrg.v8i18reponame:Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicosinstname:Editora JRGinstacron:JRGporhttp://revistajrg.com/index.php/jrg/article/view/1968/1586https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSilva, Erica Alcina Santos daSantos, Jorge Luis Ribeiro dos2025-03-25T15:53:44Zoai:ojs2.revistajrg.com:article/1968Revistahttp://revistajrg.com/index.php/jrgPRIhttp://revistajrg.com/index.php/jrg/oaiprofessorjonas@gmail.com||2595-16612595-1661opendoar:2025-03-25T15:53:44Revista JRG de Estudos Acadêmicos - Editora JRGfalse
score 15.300719

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