Reliability and Validity of UNESP-Botucatu Cattle Pain Scale and Cow Pain Scale in Bos taurus and Bos indicus Bulls to Assess Postoperative Pain of Surgical Orchiectomy

Pain assessment guides decision-making in pain management and improves animal welfare. We aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the UNESP-Botucatu cattle pain scale (UCAPS) and the cow pain scale (CPS) for postoperative pain assessment in Bos taurus (Angus) and Bos indicus (Nelore) bu...

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Autores: Tomacheuski, Rubia M. [UNESP], Oliveira, Alice R. [UNESP], Trindade, Pedro H. E. [UNESP], Oliveira, Flávia A., Candido, César P. [UNESP], Teixeira Neto, Francisco J. [UNESP], Steagall, Paulo V. [UNESP], Luna, Stelio P. L. [UNESP]
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:Brasil
Institución:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Repositorio:Repositório Institucional da UNESP
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/248338
Acceso en línea:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030364
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/248338
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:animal behaviour
animal welfare
domestic cows
farm animals
pain assessment
pain measurement
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spelling Reliability and Validity of UNESP-Botucatu Cattle Pain Scale and Cow Pain Scale in Bos taurus and Bos indicus Bulls to Assess Postoperative Pain of Surgical Orchiectomyanimal behaviouranimal welfaredomestic cowsfarm animalspain assessmentpain measurementPain assessment guides decision-making in pain management and improves animal welfare. We aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the UNESP-Botucatu cattle pain scale (UCAPS) and the cow pain scale (CPS) for postoperative pain assessment in Bos taurus (Angus) and Bos indicus (Nelore) bulls after castration. Methods: Ten Nelore and nine Angus bulls were anaesthetised with xylazine–ketamine–diazepam–isoflurane–flunixin meglumine. Three-minute videos were recorded at -48 h, preoperative, after surgery, after rescue analgesia and at 24 h. Two evaluators assessed 95 randomised videos twice one month apart. Results: There were no significant differences in the pain scores between breeds. Intra and inter-rater reliability varied from good (>0.70) to very good (>0.81) for all scales. The criterion validity showed a strong correlation (0.76–0.78) between the numerical rating scale and VAS versus UCAPS and CPS, and between UCAPS and CPS (0.76). The UCAPS and CPS were responsive; all items and total scores increased after surgery. Both scales were specific (81–85%) and sensitive (82–87%). The cut-off point for rescue analgesia was >4 for UCAPS and >3 for CPS. Conclusions. The UCAPS and CPS are valid and reliable to assess postoperative pain in Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls.Department of Surgical Specialties and Anesthesiology Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPDepartment Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPUniversity Veterinary Clinic School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Federal University of Northern Tocantins, TODepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Centre for Companion Animal Health and Welfare Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong KongDepartment of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Université de MontréalDepartment of Surgical Specialties and Anesthesiology Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPDepartment Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP), SPUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Federal University of Northern TocantinsCity University of Hong KongUniversité de Montréal2023-07-29T13:41:08Z2023-07-29T13:41:08Z2023-02-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030364Animals, v. 13, n. 3, 2023.2076-2615http://hdl.handle.net/11449/24833810.3390/ani130303642-s2.0-85147814436Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengAnimalsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessTomacheuski, Rubia M. [UNESP]Oliveira, Alice R. [UNESP]Trindade, Pedro H. E. [UNESP]Oliveira, Flávia A.Candido, César P. [UNESP]Teixeira Neto, Francisco J. [UNESP]Steagall, Paulo V. [UNESP]Luna, Stelio P. L. [UNESP]2025-10-22T14:34:29Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/248338Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestrepositoriounesp@unesp.bropendoar:29462025-10-22T14:34:29Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Reliability and Validity of UNESP-Botucatu Cattle Pain Scale and Cow Pain Scale in Bos taurus and Bos indicus Bulls to Assess Postoperative Pain of Surgical Orchiectomy
title Reliability and Validity of UNESP-Botucatu Cattle Pain Scale and Cow Pain Scale in Bos taurus and Bos indicus Bulls to Assess Postoperative Pain of Surgical Orchiectomy
spellingShingle Reliability and Validity of UNESP-Botucatu Cattle Pain Scale and Cow Pain Scale in Bos taurus and Bos indicus Bulls to Assess Postoperative Pain of Surgical Orchiectomy
Tomacheuski, Rubia M. [UNESP]
animal behaviour
animal welfare
domestic cows
farm animals
pain assessment
pain measurement
title_short Reliability and Validity of UNESP-Botucatu Cattle Pain Scale and Cow Pain Scale in Bos taurus and Bos indicus Bulls to Assess Postoperative Pain of Surgical Orchiectomy
title_full Reliability and Validity of UNESP-Botucatu Cattle Pain Scale and Cow Pain Scale in Bos taurus and Bos indicus Bulls to Assess Postoperative Pain of Surgical Orchiectomy
title_fullStr Reliability and Validity of UNESP-Botucatu Cattle Pain Scale and Cow Pain Scale in Bos taurus and Bos indicus Bulls to Assess Postoperative Pain of Surgical Orchiectomy
title_full_unstemmed Reliability and Validity of UNESP-Botucatu Cattle Pain Scale and Cow Pain Scale in Bos taurus and Bos indicus Bulls to Assess Postoperative Pain of Surgical Orchiectomy
title_sort Reliability and Validity of UNESP-Botucatu Cattle Pain Scale and Cow Pain Scale in Bos taurus and Bos indicus Bulls to Assess Postoperative Pain of Surgical Orchiectomy
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Tomacheuski, Rubia M. [UNESP]
Oliveira, Alice R. [UNESP]
Trindade, Pedro H. E. [UNESP]
Oliveira, Flávia A.
Candido, César P. [UNESP]
Teixeira Neto, Francisco J. [UNESP]
Steagall, Paulo V. [UNESP]
Luna, Stelio P. L. [UNESP]
author Tomacheuski, Rubia M. [UNESP]
author_facet Tomacheuski, Rubia M. [UNESP]
Oliveira, Alice R. [UNESP]
Trindade, Pedro H. E. [UNESP]
Oliveira, Flávia A.
Candido, César P. [UNESP]
Teixeira Neto, Francisco J. [UNESP]
Steagall, Paulo V. [UNESP]
Luna, Stelio P. L. [UNESP]
author_role author
author2 Oliveira, Alice R. [UNESP]
Trindade, Pedro H. E. [UNESP]
Oliveira, Flávia A.
Candido, César P. [UNESP]
Teixeira Neto, Francisco J. [UNESP]
Steagall, Paulo V. [UNESP]
Luna, Stelio P. L. [UNESP]
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Federal University of Northern Tocantins
City University of Hong Kong
Université de Montréal
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv animal behaviour
animal welfare
domestic cows
farm animals
pain assessment
pain measurement
topic animal behaviour
animal welfare
domestic cows
farm animals
pain assessment
pain measurement
description Pain assessment guides decision-making in pain management and improves animal welfare. We aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the UNESP-Botucatu cattle pain scale (UCAPS) and the cow pain scale (CPS) for postoperative pain assessment in Bos taurus (Angus) and Bos indicus (Nelore) bulls after castration. Methods: Ten Nelore and nine Angus bulls were anaesthetised with xylazine–ketamine–diazepam–isoflurane–flunixin meglumine. Three-minute videos were recorded at -48 h, preoperative, after surgery, after rescue analgesia and at 24 h. Two evaluators assessed 95 randomised videos twice one month apart. Results: There were no significant differences in the pain scores between breeds. Intra and inter-rater reliability varied from good (>0.70) to very good (>0.81) for all scales. The criterion validity showed a strong correlation (0.76–0.78) between the numerical rating scale and VAS versus UCAPS and CPS, and between UCAPS and CPS (0.76). The UCAPS and CPS were responsive; all items and total scores increased after surgery. Both scales were specific (81–85%) and sensitive (82–87%). The cut-off point for rescue analgesia was >4 for UCAPS and >3 for CPS. Conclusions. The UCAPS and CPS are valid and reliable to assess postoperative pain in Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-29T13:41:08Z
2023-07-29T13:41:08Z
2023-02-01
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030364
Animals, v. 13, n. 3, 2023.
2076-2615
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/248338
10.3390/ani13030364
2-s2.0-85147814436
url http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030364
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/248338
identifier_str_mv Animals, v. 13, n. 3, 2023.
2076-2615
10.3390/ani13030364
2-s2.0-85147814436
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Animals
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Scopus
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP
instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron:UNESP
instname_str Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron_str UNESP
institution UNESP
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da UNESP
collection Repositório Institucional da UNESP
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositoriounesp@unesp.br
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score 15,301629

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