COVID-19: FROM THE RESPIRATORY INFECTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS

COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus responsible for the current pandemic of great concern for global public health. The viral infection of COVID-19 is highly virulent and pathogenic, being transmitted by inhalation or by contact with infected droplets. The tropism of the virus by air...

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Autores: Pessanha, Kethelyn Freitas, Alexandre, Liliane Ferreira, de Souza, Anna Carolina Moreira, Espíndola, Gabriela de França Ribeiro, Nogueira, Fernanda Gomes de Oliveira, Rodrigues, Marta Cristina da Cunha
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:Brasil
Institución:Faculdade de Medicina de Campos (FMC)
Repositorio:Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos
Idioma:portugués
OAI Identifier:oai:ojs.www.fmc.br:article/380
Acceso en línea:https://www.fmc.br/ojs/index.php/RCFMC/article/view/380
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Coronavírus
SARS-CoV-2
cardiovascular
hipertensão
Coronavirus
hypertension
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv COVID-19: FROM THE RESPIRATORY INFECTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
COVID-19:A INFECÇÃO RESPIRATÓRIA AOS DISTÚRBIOS CARDIOVASCULARES
title COVID-19: FROM THE RESPIRATORY INFECTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
spellingShingle COVID-19: FROM THE RESPIRATORY INFECTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
Pessanha, Kethelyn Freitas
Coronavírus
SARS-CoV-2
cardiovascular
hipertensão
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
cardiovascular
hypertension
title_short COVID-19: FROM THE RESPIRATORY INFECTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
title_full COVID-19: FROM THE RESPIRATORY INFECTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
title_fullStr COVID-19: FROM THE RESPIRATORY INFECTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19: FROM THE RESPIRATORY INFECTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
title_sort COVID-19: FROM THE RESPIRATORY INFECTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Pessanha, Kethelyn Freitas
Alexandre, Liliane Ferreira
de Souza, Anna Carolina Moreira
Espíndola, Gabriela de França Ribeiro
Nogueira, Fernanda Gomes de Oliveira
Rodrigues, Marta Cristina da Cunha
author Pessanha, Kethelyn Freitas
author_facet Pessanha, Kethelyn Freitas
Alexandre, Liliane Ferreira
de Souza, Anna Carolina Moreira
Espíndola, Gabriela de França Ribeiro
Nogueira, Fernanda Gomes de Oliveira
Rodrigues, Marta Cristina da Cunha
author_role author
author2 Alexandre, Liliane Ferreira
de Souza, Anna Carolina Moreira
Espíndola, Gabriela de França Ribeiro
Nogueira, Fernanda Gomes de Oliveira
Rodrigues, Marta Cristina da Cunha
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Coronavírus
SARS-CoV-2
cardiovascular
hipertensão
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
cardiovascular
hypertension
topic Coronavírus
SARS-CoV-2
cardiovascular
hipertensão
Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
cardiovascular
hypertension
description COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus responsible for the current pandemic of great concern for global public health. The viral infection of COVID-19 is highly virulent and pathogenic, being transmitted by inhalation or by contact with infected droplets. The tropism of the virus by airways is due to the glycoprotein S present in its structure that recognizes the ACE2 receptors, located mainly in type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes, in the brush border of the proximal arteries and veins of all tissues, besides the cells of the arterial smooth muscle, explaining the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and the cardiorespiratory system. The infection by SARS-CoV-2 decreases the function of this enzyme and consequently causes an increase in the predisposition to inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize the role of ACE2 in the conversion of angiotensin 2 into 1-7, having also a relation with blood pressure control mechanism through renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Patients with cardiovascular comorbidities, such as arterial hypertension and coronary disease, tend to present worse prognosis. In addition, COVID-19 also generates damage to the cardiovascular system. Although specific treatments, drugs or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 infection have not been standardized, some drugs may act to improve patients' symptoms. In this review, we highlight the interaction of the infection with the cardiovascular system and present viral structural and transmission aspects, mechanisms of infection, clinical manifestations and the drugs used to treat symptoms so far. 
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-04-30
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://www.fmc.br/ojs/index.php/RCFMC/article/view/380
10.29184/1980-7813.rcfmc.380.vol.16.n1.2021
url https://www.fmc.br/ojs/index.php/RCFMC/article/view/380
identifier_str_mv 10.29184/1980-7813.rcfmc.380.vol.16.n1.2021
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://www.fmc.br/ojs/index.php/RCFMC/article/view/380/252
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Faculdade de Medicina de Campos (FMC)
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Faculdade de Medicina de Campos (FMC)
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Scientific Journal of the Medical School of Campos; Vol. 16 No. 1 (2021); 79-89
Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos; v. 16 n. 1 (2021); 79-89
1980-7813
reponame:Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos
instname:Faculdade de Medicina de Campos (FMC)
instacron:FMC
instname_str Faculdade de Medicina de Campos (FMC)
instacron_str FMC
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reponame_str Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos
collection Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos
repository.name.fl_str_mv Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos - Faculdade de Medicina de Campos (FMC)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv ||revista@fmc.br
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spelling COVID-19: FROM THE RESPIRATORY INFECTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERSCOVID-19:A INFECÇÃO RESPIRATÓRIA AOS DISTÚRBIOS CARDIOVASCULARESCoronavírusSARS-CoV-2cardiovascularhipertensãoCoronavirusSARS-CoV-2cardiovascularhypertensionCOVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus responsible for the current pandemic of great concern for global public health. The viral infection of COVID-19 is highly virulent and pathogenic, being transmitted by inhalation or by contact with infected droplets. The tropism of the virus by airways is due to the glycoprotein S present in its structure that recognizes the ACE2 receptors, located mainly in type 1 and type 2 pneumocytes, in the brush border of the proximal arteries and veins of all tissues, besides the cells of the arterial smooth muscle, explaining the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and the cardiorespiratory system. The infection by SARS-CoV-2 decreases the function of this enzyme and consequently causes an increase in the predisposition to inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize the role of ACE2 in the conversion of angiotensin 2 into 1-7, having also a relation with blood pressure control mechanism through renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Patients with cardiovascular comorbidities, such as arterial hypertension and coronary disease, tend to present worse prognosis. In addition, COVID-19 also generates damage to the cardiovascular system. Although specific treatments, drugs or vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 infection have not been standardized, some drugs may act to improve patients' symptoms. In this review, we highlight the interaction of the infection with the cardiovascular system and present viral structural and transmission aspects, mechanisms of infection, clinical manifestations and the drugs used to treat symptoms so far. A COVID-19 é uma doença causada pelo SARS-CoV-2, o vírus responsável pela atual pandemia de grande preocupação para a saúde pública global. A infecção viral da COVID-19 é altamente virulenta e patogênica, sendo transmitida pela inspiração ou contato com gotículas infectadas. O tropismo do vírus por vias aéreas é devido à glicoproteína S presente em sua estrutura que reconhece os receptores ECA2, localizados principalmente em pneumócitos tipo 1 e tipo 2, na borda em escova das artérias proximais e veias de todos os tecidos, além das células do músculo liso arterial, explicando a correlação do SARS-CoV-2 com o sistema cardiorrespiratório. A infecção por SARS-CoV-2 gera diminuição da função desta enzima e, consequentemente, um aumento da predisposição a condições inflamatórias. Além disso, é importante enfatizar o papel da ECA2 na conversão da angiotensina 2 em 1-7, tendo também relação com o mecanismo de controle da pressão arterial através do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona. Pacientes com comorbidades cardiovasculares, como hipertensão arterial e doença coronariana, tendem a apresentar um pior prognóstico. Adicionalmente, a COVID-19 também gera efeitos danosos sobre o sistema cardiovascular. Embora não tenham sido padronizados tratamentos específicos, medicamentos ou vacinas para a infecção por SARS-CoV-2, alguns fármacos podem atuar na melhora do quadro sintomatológico do paciente. Nesta revisão, destacamos a interação da infecção com o sistema cardiovascular além de apresentarmos aspectos estruturais e de transmissão do vírus, os mecanismos de infecção, manifestações clínicas e os medicamentos utilizados até então para tratamento dos sintomas.   Faculdade de Medicina de Campos (FMC)2021-04-30info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://www.fmc.br/ojs/index.php/RCFMC/article/view/38010.29184/1980-7813.rcfmc.380.vol.16.n1.2021Scientific Journal of the Medical School of Campos; Vol. 16 No. 1 (2021); 79-89Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos; v. 16 n. 1 (2021); 79-891980-7813reponame:Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Camposinstname:Faculdade de Medicina de Campos (FMC)instacron:FMCporhttps://www.fmc.br/ojs/index.php/RCFMC/article/view/380/252Copyright (c) 2021 Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Camposhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessPessanha, Kethelyn FreitasAlexandre, Liliane Ferreirade Souza, Anna Carolina MoreiraEspíndola, Gabriela de França RibeiroNogueira, Fernanda Gomes de OliveiraRodrigues, Marta Cristina da Cunha2021-05-14T19:24:04Zoai:ojs.www.fmc.br:article/380Revistahttps://www.fmc.br/ojs/index.php/RCFMC/PRIhttps://www.fmc.br/ojs/index.php/RCFMC/oai||revista@fmc.br1980-78131980-7813opendoar:2021-05-14T19:24:04Revista Científica da Faculdade de Medicina de Campos - Faculdade de Medicina de Campos (FMC)false
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