Espaços métricos: uma generalização do conceito de distância

This work consists of a study of the basic aspects of the important theory of metric spaces to shed light on the process of generalizing the concept of distance with the definition of metric, and on relevant related topics such as geometry in metric spaces, the study of continuity of applications an...

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Bibliographic Details
Author: Holanda, Marcus Italo Tavares
Format: master thesis
Status:Published version
Publication Date:2023
Country:Brasil
Institution:Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
Repository:Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
Language:Portuguese
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.ufc.br:riufc/75406
Online Access:http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/75406
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:métricas
espaços métricos
compacidade
contração
Teoria do ponto fixo
metric
metric space
compactness
contraction
fixed point theory
Description
Summary:This work consists of a study of the basic aspects of the important theory of metric spaces to shed light on the process of generalizing the concept of distance with the definition of metric, and on relevant related topics such as geometry in metric spaces, the study of continuity of applications and rudiments of topology in these spaces as well as the study of notions of compactness with its characterization in complete metric spaces and the demonstration of the Tychonoff and Ascoli-Arzelá theorems. The work in its culmination presents applications of this study in the answer to two major problems, which are the existence and uniqueness of fixed points in complete metric spaces and the existence and uniqueness of local solutions of ordinary differential equations, with the demonstration of the fixed point theorem of Banach and the Picard-Lindelöf Theorem on the existence and uniqueness of ODEs.