Lack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral Reefs

Once vibrant ecosystems, coral reefs are degrading at unprecedented rates due to natural and human—induced disturbances, necessitating immediate restoration and conservation efforts. Evaluating the success of these projects often involves assessing changes in reef biodiversity. Bioacoustics has emer...

ver descrição completa

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Velázquez-Alvarado, Jeremy, Pérez-García, Valentina, Tellechea, Javier S., Backstrom, Joni T.
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:Uruguay
Recursos:Universidad de la República
Repositorio:COLIBRI
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/54762
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/54762
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Acoustic biodiversity
Acoustic Complexity Index
Passive Acoustic Monitoring
Sound Pressure Level
Underwater soundscape
id UY_0ef1409e9e77d6fcad2874a2b94de21b
oai_identifier_str oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/54762
network_acronym_str UY
network_name_str Uruguay
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Lack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral Reefs
title Lack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral Reefs
spellingShingle Lack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral Reefs
Velázquez-Alvarado, Jeremy
Acoustic biodiversity
Acoustic Complexity Index
Passive Acoustic Monitoring
Sound Pressure Level
Underwater soundscape
title_short Lack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral Reefs
title_full Lack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral Reefs
title_fullStr Lack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral Reefs
title_full_unstemmed Lack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral Reefs
title_sort Lack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral Reefs
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Velázquez-Alvarado, Jeremy
Pérez-García, Valentina
Tellechea, Javier S.
Backstrom, Joni T.
author Velázquez-Alvarado, Jeremy
author_facet Velázquez-Alvarado, Jeremy
Pérez-García, Valentina
Tellechea, Javier S.
Backstrom, Joni T.
author_role author
author2 Pérez-García, Valentina
Tellechea, Javier S.
Backstrom, Joni T.
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.filiacion.none.fl_str_mv Velázquez-Alvarado Jeremy
Pérez-García Valentina
Tellechea Javier S., Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Física.
Backstrom Joni T.
dc.subject.es.fl_str_mv Acoustic biodiversity
Acoustic Complexity Index
Passive Acoustic Monitoring
Sound Pressure Level
Underwater soundscape
topic Acoustic biodiversity
Acoustic Complexity Index
Passive Acoustic Monitoring
Sound Pressure Level
Underwater soundscape
description Once vibrant ecosystems, coral reefs are degrading at unprecedented rates due to natural and human—induced disturbances, necessitating immediate restoration and conservation efforts. Evaluating the success of these projects often involves assessing changes in reef biodiversity. Bioacoustics has emerged as a promising, non—invasive method for such evaluations, though its efficacy remains debated. This study aimed to determine whether the diurnal soundscapes of restored coral reefs are consistent across different time frames (months) and spatial scales (reefs), which is crucial for developing reliable monitoring tools for reef health. To achieve this, 2 commonly used acoustic indices, the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI) and Mean Sound Pressure Level (SPL), were employed to describe the underwater soundscape of 3 restored coral reefs in Culebra, Puerto Rico. The results showed that neither acoustic index followed a clear diurnal pattern, with considerable variation across studied locations and sampling days. The lack of consistent diurnal patterns across space and time suggests that ACI and SPL alone may not be ideal for comparing coral reef health, particularly as indicators of biodiversity. Instead, these sound metrics should complement other monitoring methods, such as visual and video census techniques, when evaluating the biodiversity of coral reef ecosystems.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2026-05-06T14:27:24Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2026-05-06T14:27:24Z
dc.type.es.fl_str_mv Artículo
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.es.fl_str_mv Velázquez-Alvarado, J, Pérez-García, V, Tellechea, J [y otro autor]. "Lack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral Reefs". Gulf and Caribbean Research. [en línea] 2025, 36(1): 71-88. 21 h. DOI: 10.18785/gcr.3601.16
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 2572-1410
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/54762
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.18785/gcr.3601.16
identifier_str_mv Velázquez-Alvarado, J, Pérez-García, V, Tellechea, J [y otro autor]. "Lack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral Reefs". Gulf and Caribbean Research. [en línea] 2025, 36(1): 71-88. 21 h. DOI: 10.18785/gcr.3601.16
2572-1410
10.18785/gcr.3601.16
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/54762
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv en
eng
language_invalid_str_mv en
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Gulf and Caribbean Research, 2025, 36(1): 71-88.
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Licencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)
dc.format.extent.es.fl_str_mv 21 h
dc.format.mimetype.es.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.es.fl_str_mv The University of Southern Mississippi
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:COLIBRI
instname:Universidad de la República
instacron:Universidad de la República
instname_str Universidad de la República
instacron_str Universidad de la República
institution Universidad de la República
reponame_str COLIBRI
collection COLIBRI
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/54762/5/license.txt
http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/54762/2/license_url
http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/54762/3/license_text
http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/54762/4/license_rdf
http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/54762/1/10.18785.gcr.3601.16.pdf
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 6429389a7df7277b72b7924fdc7d47a9
a0ebbeafb9d2ec7cbb19d7137ebc392c
0e79e635ad5d883764003e78793ad1de
e7132498e7c1fe99f7096667baa99b25
60230706723b088a6baa6a2fc54d3d94
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv COLIBRI - Universidad de la República
repository.mail.fl_str_mv karina.camps@seciu.edu.uy
_version_ 1869557833723281408
spelling Velázquez-Alvarado JeremyPérez-García ValentinaTellechea Javier S., Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Física.Backstrom Joni T.2026-05-06T14:27:24Z2026-05-06T14:27:24Z2025Velázquez-Alvarado, J, Pérez-García, V, Tellechea, J [y otro autor]. "Lack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral Reefs". Gulf and Caribbean Research. [en línea] 2025, 36(1): 71-88. 21 h. DOI: 10.18785/gcr.3601.162572-1410https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/5476210.18785/gcr.3601.16Once vibrant ecosystems, coral reefs are degrading at unprecedented rates due to natural and human—induced disturbances, necessitating immediate restoration and conservation efforts. Evaluating the success of these projects often involves assessing changes in reef biodiversity. Bioacoustics has emerged as a promising, non—invasive method for such evaluations, though its efficacy remains debated. This study aimed to determine whether the diurnal soundscapes of restored coral reefs are consistent across different time frames (months) and spatial scales (reefs), which is crucial for developing reliable monitoring tools for reef health. To achieve this, 2 commonly used acoustic indices, the Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI) and Mean Sound Pressure Level (SPL), were employed to describe the underwater soundscape of 3 restored coral reefs in Culebra, Puerto Rico. The results showed that neither acoustic index followed a clear diurnal pattern, with considerable variation across studied locations and sampling days. The lack of consistent diurnal patterns across space and time suggests that ACI and SPL alone may not be ideal for comparing coral reef health, particularly as indicators of biodiversity. Instead, these sound metrics should complement other monitoring methods, such as visual and video census techniques, when evaluating the biodiversity of coral reef ecosystems.Submitted by Pintos Natalia (nataliapintosmvd@gmail.com) on 2026-05-06T14:00:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 25630 bytes, checksum: e7132498e7c1fe99f7096667baa99b25 (MD5) 10.18785.gcr.3601.16.pdf: 3578078 bytes, checksum: 60230706723b088a6baa6a2fc54d3d94 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Faget Cecilia (lfaget@fcien.edu.uy) on 2026-05-06T14:22:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 25630 bytes, checksum: e7132498e7c1fe99f7096667baa99b25 (MD5) 10.18785.gcr.3601.16.pdf: 3578078 bytes, checksum: 60230706723b088a6baa6a2fc54d3d94 (MD5)Made available in DSpace by Luna Fabiana (fabiana.luna@seciu.edu.uy) on 2026-05-06T14:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 25630 bytes, checksum: e7132498e7c1fe99f7096667baa99b25 (MD5) 10.18785.gcr.3601.16.pdf: 3578078 bytes, checksum: 60230706723b088a6baa6a2fc54d3d94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 202521 happlication/pdfenengThe University of Southern MississippiGulf and Caribbean Research, 2025, 36(1): 71-88.Las obras depositadas en el Repositorio se rigen por la Ordenanza de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual de la Universidad de la República.(Res. Nº 91 de C.D.C. de 8/III/1994 – D.O. 7/IV/1994) y por la Ordenanza del Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de la República (Res. Nº 16 de C.D.C. de 07/10/2014)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLicencia Creative Commons Atribución (CC - By 4.0)Acoustic biodiversityAcoustic Complexity IndexPassive Acoustic MonitoringSound Pressure LevelUnderwater soundscapeLack of consistent diurnal trends in acoustic metrics from restored Coral ReefsArtículoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionreponame:COLIBRIinstname:Universidad de la Repúblicainstacron:Universidad de la RepúblicaVelázquez-Alvarado, JeremyPérez-García, ValentinaTellechea, Javier S.Backstrom, Joni T.LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84267http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/54762/5/license.txt6429389a7df7277b72b7924fdc7d47a9MD55CC-LICENSElicense_urllicense_urltext/plain; charset=utf-844http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/54762/2/license_urla0ebbeafb9d2ec7cbb19d7137ebc392cMD52license_textlicense_texttext/html; charset=utf-831363http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/54762/3/license_text0e79e635ad5d883764003e78793ad1deMD53license_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-825630http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/54762/4/license_rdfe7132498e7c1fe99f7096667baa99b25MD54ORIGINAL10.18785.gcr.3601.16.pdf10.18785.gcr.3601.16.pdfapplication/pdf3578078http://localhost:8080/xmlui/bitstream/20.500.12008/54762/1/10.18785.gcr.3601.16.pdf60230706723b088a6baa6a2fc54d3d94MD5120.500.12008/547622026-05-06 11:27:24.358oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.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Institucionalhttps://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uyUniversidad públicahttps://udelar.edu.uy/https://www.colibri.udelar.edu.uy/oai/requestkarina.camps@seciu.edu.uyUruguayopendoar:47712026-05-06T14:27:24COLIBRI - Universidad de la Repúblicafalse
score 15.81155

Registos relacionados