Drugs associated with gingival enlargement: review of the scientific literature on clinical characteristics and related factors
Drug-induced gingival enlargement is a multifactorial condition that compromises the periodontal health of patients undergoing prolonged treatment. This review of the scientific literature aimed to identify the drugs most frequently associated with this condition, describe its clinical characteristi...
| Autores: | , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2026 |
| País: | Perú |
| Institución: | Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia |
| Repositorio: | Revistas - Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:revistas.upch.edu.pe:article/6640 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://revistas.upch.edu.pe/index.php/REH/article/view/6640 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | sobrecrecimiento gingival hiperplasia gingival amlodipino ciclosporinas fenitoína gingival overgrowth gingival hyperplasia amlodipine cyclosporins phenytoin hipertrofia gengival hiperplasia gengival amlodipina |
| Sumario: | Drug-induced gingival enlargement is a multifactorial condition that compromises the periodontal health of patients undergoing prolonged treatment. This review of the scientific literature aimed to identify the drugs most frequently associated with this condition, describe its clinical characteristics, and analyze related factors. The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. A search for articles was conducted between November 11, 2024, and February 5, 2025, in the PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost databases. Clinical and observational studies in humans (cross-sectional and longitudinal) on gingival enlargement associated with anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, and immunosuppressants were included. Of a total of 2,152 records, 2,094 were excluded after title and abstract screening, and 34 after full-text reading (because they were case reports, case-control studies, animal/cell research, and reviews), resulting in eleven studies included. The evidence collected showed that phenytoin had a prevalence of close to 50%; amlodipine, between 1.7% and 37%; and cyclosporine A, between 25% and 53%. The most influential factors were dose, duration of treatment, and level of oral hygiene, while age and sex showed a less consistent relationship. |
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