Valoración económica del tiburón como recurso pesquero y ecoturístico en Puerto San Carlos, Baja California Sur
Even though sharks are top predators, there is little information available aimed to understand their habitats, movements and dynamics. Today, there are 1,236 species of chondrichthyan in the world including sharks, rays and chimeras. However, the population and variety of sharks are declining due,...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis de maestría |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2018 |
| País: | México |
| Institución: | Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana |
| Repositorio: | Repositorio Institucional de la UAM Iztapalapa |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:bindani.izt.uam.mx:2227mp734 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doi.org/10.24275/uami.2227mp734 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Recursos pesqueros -- Puerto San Carlos (Baja California Sur) info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Natural resources info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Ecoturismo con tiburones info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Fishery resources -- Puerto San Carlos (Baja California Sur) info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Puerto San Carlos (Baja California Sur) -- Desarrollo económico info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Recursos naturales info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Pesca de tiburón -- Puerto San Carlos (Baja California Sur) info:eu-repo/classification/cti/1 |
| Sumario: | Even though sharks are top predators, there is little information available aimed to understand their habitats, movements and dynamics. Today, there are 1,236 species of chondrichthyan in the world including sharks, rays and chimeras. However, the population and variety of sharks are declining due, mainly, to overfishing. Only in Mexico there are 111 species of sharks that represent 8.98% of the world's diversity. Sharks bioaccumulate mercury (Hg), which is a toxic compound for humans and other species. Human health can be affected by the consumption of shark meat contaminated with this metal. The effect of mercury on human bodies ranges from tremors to neurotoxic effects to teratogenic damage. The observation of sharks in the wild has increased: the economic benefits that go beyond the price paid for their enjoyment, which is the conservation of the species. In 2013, these economic benefits were estimated at 314 million dollars per year. In Baja California Sur, Mexico, fishing represents 1.28% of the state's GDP and shark fishing only 0.03%. For its part, the tourism sector generates 16.61% of GDP, explained by the sighting of social networks, which generates 4.12 million dollars per year, representing 0.06% of the State's GDP. If you get more observation sites for species of interest to tourism such as sharks, increase the income of this activity to local communities. The objective of this research was to determine if ecotourism with sharks is an activity that represents greater economic benefits for the local population than fishing for sharks for human consumption, which can endanger the health of people due to possible mercury contamination. Some findings include that tourists are willing to pay for shark sightings and navigation more than $ 4,000 compared to $ 1,000 for whale watching. Significant samples of methylmercury were found in shark meat, this meat was destined for human consumption that 88% of the samples analyzed exceeded the limit of NOM-242; When performing the risk analysis, in 56% of the cases the risk limit is exceeded in 1). On the other hand, in the economic analysis, fishing profits were estimated at 1.91 million pesos per year, while for tourism, values of up to 1.094 billion pesos; therefore, if you promote ecotourism with sharks you will see more economic benefits for the local population as well as the protection of the species and the additional benefits that this activity represents. Finally, the analysis of the financial profitability of the activity is profitable considering the attendance of 5 tourists monthly, that is, 40 assistants per year; In the socioenvironmental profitability analysis, the activity is profitable from 4 attendees and increases the benefits as the number of attendees increases. Therefore, ecotourism with sharks is a more profitable activity for the local population compared to shark fishing and promotes the conservation of several species; However, there are other obstacles besides that some fishermen show no interest in stopping fishing shark even if it is a kind of monetary compensation. |
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