Caracterización farmacológica de los compuestos derivados del ácido cinámico de la raíz de Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. y su efecto sobre la disfunción endotelial
Systemic hypertension is a multifactorial condition that is closely associated with metabolic syndrome in conjunction with diabetes mellitus type 2 and dyslipidemia related to obesity. Each of these pathophysiologies independently cause endothelial dysfunction, so that in the diabetic patients that...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2014 |
| País: | México |
| Institución: | Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana |
| Repositorio: | Repositorio Institucional de la UAM Iztapalapa |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:bindani.izt.uam.mx:b5644r666 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doi.org/10.24275/uami.b5644r666 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Chayote info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Medicinal plants info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Hipertensión info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Cardiovascular system info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Herbs -- Therapeutic use info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Hierbas info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Sistema cardiovascular info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Plantas medicinales info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Hypertension -- Treatment info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Chayotes info:eu-repo/classification/cti/3 |
| Sumario: | Systemic hypertension is a multifactorial condition that is closely associated with metabolic syndrome in conjunction with diabetes mellitus type 2 and dyslipidemia related to obesity. Each of these pathophysiologies independently cause endothelial dysfunction, so that in the diabetic patients that generate endothelial dysfunction will lead to cardiovascular problems, mainly hypertension, likewise hypertensive patients can generate diabetes mellitus type 2. The endothelium is a protective barrier and modulator that covers the entire cardiovascular system in order to maintain body homeostasis, endothelial cells control blood pressure, regulating vascular tone and permeability, coagulationfibrinolysis balance, cell adhesion, leading to the leukocyte diapedesis thereby establishing an inflammatory process, under normal conditions. When this tissue is compromised by disorders such as hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia its functions are altered leading to endothelial dysfunction, which in turn promotes the metabolic syndrome disorders. Medications today are for treating hypertension, usually act on a single mechanism of action, resulting in a polypharmacy, which generally do not reverse or prevent endothelial dysfunction conclusively. Therefore, it is significantly greater to control the degenerative effects of the diseases, reducing the alterations and damage caused by endothelial dysfunction. Because of this, the search for treatments derived from natural products is an alternative in the control of these diseases due to the richness in active compounds that can act synergistically through different mechanisms of action. The species S. edule also known as Chayote, is a plant native to Mexico, which has been used in traditional medicine to treat vascular and renal disorders. Also chemical and pharmacological studies have been done, and are classified as a vasodilating agent containing polyphenolic compounds, which are known to have different activities like oxidative stress, inflammation, and hypertension, among others. The effect of the root extracts of S. edule was evaluated on a model of endothelial dysfunction caused by hypertension induced with angiotensin II (AGII), in which the levels of oxidative stress and the pro-inflammatory state were analysed, as well as the vasorelaxing ability that was performed on the isolated rat aorta ring model, which also could approach a possible model of action for these extracts. The results indicate that the extract SeAce reduced systolic blood pressure by 26% and diastolic by 28%, while the extract SeMeOH reduction them in order of 27% to 28% for systolic and diastolic respectively, compared to the damage group that was administered angiotensin II for 10 weeks at a sub-effective dose. In the oxidative stress study samples of brain, kidney and aorta were analysed for O2 !― anion production thru a dihydroethidium fluorometry test in which it was possible to establish that extracts of S. edule statistically significant reduced O2 !― anion levels in brain, kidneys and aorta compared to the levels shown by the negative control group (angiotensin II) and for the group treated with Losartan except in the aorta results, which presented the lowest levels of O2 !― anion, however Losartan almost doubled these levels in brain above angiotensin II group, this can be due to the products of the biotransformation of Losartan in the brain, these being able to increase the production of O2 !― anion. For cytokine levels, SeMeOH extract causes a decrease in the concentration of TNF-α by 31%, IL-1β by 9%, IL-6 in 23% and IL-10 in 18%, relative to the increase obtained in the angiotensin II group. Furthermore, in the histological analysis of the kidney from animals with and without angiotensin II treatment and with S. edule extracts, it was observed that mice that received only angiotensin II presented evident damaged of the organ with changes of the tissue structure. This damage caused by angiotensin II was attenuated with treatments derived from the S. edule extracts. Testing of isolated rat aorta contributed to propose that this plant is able to exert vasorelaxant effect of vascular smooth muscle following by the administration of vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. The information is this work showed that extracts of S. edule are able to antagonize the effects of angiotensin II, probably by acting on AT1 receptors for this hormone, which is due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds primarily cinnamic acid derivatives that are present in the extracts evaluated. |
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