Aislamiento y caracterización bioquímica de microalgas de Baja California como alternativas para la producción de lípidos
In Mexico there is a great diversity of microalgae with great potential use in areas such as aquaculture, whereby it is very important to isolate microalgae species, to obtain monospecific cultures and characterize their growth and physiology for subsequent use. The objective of this research was to...
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| Formato: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2016 |
| País: | México |
| Recursos: | Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada |
| Repositorio: | Repositorio Institucional CICESE |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:cicese.repositorioinstitucional.mx:1007/523 |
| Acesso em linha: | http://cicese.repositorioinstitucional.mx/jspui/handle/1007/523 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palavra-chave: | info:eu-repo/classification/Autor/Algas info:eu-repo/classification/cti/2 info:eu-repo/classification/cti/24 info:eu-repo/classification/cti/2414 |
| Resumo: | In Mexico there is a great diversity of microalgae with great potential use in areas such as aquaculture, whereby it is very important to isolate microalgae species, to obtain monospecific cultures and characterize their growth and physiology for subsequent use. The objective of this research was to isolate microalgae species from the Peninsula of Baja California for the production of lipids on being maintained in different growing conditions. From water samples obtained at different sites in the Peninsula of Baja California, 21 species of microalgae were isolated. The locality of Ensenada showed the highest number of isolated microalgae species. The size of the isolated microalgae species varied between 0.75 µm to 193.13 µm. The highest cell density of all species evaluated was obtained from the cyanophyte Aphanocapsa marina (11.92 x 106 cells ml1), and the highest growth rate was obtained from the cyanophyte Komvophoron sp. (2.98 divisions day -1). The proximal composition was different among different species of isolated microalgae and between growth phases. The highest lipid content was obtained from Amphora sp. (strain 3) (57.7%), in the exponential phase of growth. During the growth stationary phase Cymbella sp. (strain 2) sp. obtained the highest carbohydrate content (47.5%) and protein (39.5%). The fatty acid composition of the 21 species isolated varied among the different taxonomic classes and the group of diatoms obtained high percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6) ranging from 23.4% to 60.7%. A toxicity test was performed using the residual medium of isolated microalgae and with Artemia franciscana nauplii, and none of the species was toxic. Based on the results of growth and biochemical composition of the 21 species isolated, the species Aphanocapsa marina, Tetraselmis suecica, Heterococcus sp and Navicula sp. (strain 3), were chosen to be cultivated at different temperature conditions (20 y 25 °C), irradiance (100 y 200 µE m-2 s-1) and nitrogen input conditions (NaNO3 and NH4NO3) to evaluate the lipid production. Aphanocapsa marina was cultivated with sodium nitrate, to a temperature of 20 °C and an irradiance of 200 µE m-2 s-1, which obtained the highest growth (0.57 divisions day -1) and Tetraselmis suecica obtained the highest lipid content (17.6%). The highest fatty acids production in the four species cultivated was to a temperature of 25 °C and irradiance of 100 µE m-2 s-1 and with an input of ammonium nitrate. Fatty acids 16:0, 16:1n-7cis and 20:5n-3 showed a high content in the four species and in all experimental conditions. A bioassay was performed using the species Tetraselmis suecica and Navicula sp. (strain 3) to be evaluated as food for cultures of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis). The highest growth rate, rotifer density and proximal composition were obtained when given as food to the microalga Tetraselmis suecica. Based in the results of growth and biochemical composition was concluded that all the isolated microalgae species have the potential to be used as food in aquaculture whether it be as a component of a mixed diet or as sole ingredient, being the specie Tetraselmis suecica the one with the highest lipid production of all the isolated species. |
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