Late Quaternary evolution of alluvial fans in the Playa, El Fresnal region, northern Chihuahua desert, Mexico: Palaeoclimatic implications

The Playa El Fresnal area is a tilted terrane characteristic of an extensional basin. It is a half graben/tilted-block system witha playa-lake on the basin floor flanked by piedmonts covered by alluvial fans. Structural heterogeneities within normal fault zonesinfluenced the geomorphic expression of...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: J. Medina Sánchez, G. J. Chacón Cruz, J. Ortega Ramírez, A. Valiente Banuet, W. Bandy, C. A. Mortera Gutiérrez, J. M. Maillol
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2004
País:México
Institución:Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Repositorio:Redalyc-UNAM
OAI Identifier:oai:redalyc.org:56843310
Acceso en línea:https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=56843310
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Ciencias de la Tierra
alluvial fans
Playa El Fresnal
Chihuahuan desert
extensional tectonism
late Quaternary climate change
Descripción
Sumario:The Playa El Fresnal area is a tilted terrane characteristic of an extensional basin. It is a half graben/tilted-block system witha playa-lake on the basin floor flanked by piedmonts covered by alluvial fans. Structural heterogeneities within normal fault zonesinfluenced the geomorphic expression of the uplifted footwall blocks of associated volcanism, and the downdropped hangingwall. The footwall area is the main sediment source, but the hanging wall-derived sediments are more extensive. The ancientalluvial fans are in the distal part, whereas the hanging-wall sediments are located in the apex area.A geomorphic analysis of the relative topographic position of the alluvial fans, degree of dissection of the original surfaces,general sedimentology (facies description), and stream channel network type, highlights the importance of climatic change ininterpreting alluvial-fan surfaces. Three generations of alluvial fans were identified on the footwall and hanging wall slopes. Theywere formed during the late Quaternary climatic shift, consistent with the main climatic changes recorded in the paleolake stratigraphyof northern Mexico and the American Southwest. These alluvial fans consist mainly of debris-flow deposits from flashfloods, probably triggered by a change from relatively moist to arid conditions. They contrast with the typically lower-flowregimeof thick-bedded, cross-bedded, and lenticular channel facies, and associated floodplain sequences of rivers.