Emission of some rare gases at the Los Azufres, Mexico,geothermal reservoir
The chemistry of fluids in the Los Azufres, Mexico geothermal field originated from volcanic processes and is controlled by temperatures at depth, mineral solubility, pH values and mineral equilibrium. Vapor phase at this reservoir has an heterogeneous composition. It shows a wide range of non-conde...
| Autor: | |
|---|---|
| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2002 |
| País: | México |
| Institución: | UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO |
| Repositorio: | Geofísica Internacional |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx:article/853 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx/index.php/RGI/article/view/853 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Gases raros helio argón evolución geoquímica reservorio geotérmico reinyección Los Azufres Mexico Rare gases helium argon geochemical evolution geothermal reservoir reinjection effects |
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Emission of some rare gases at the Los Azufres, Mexico,geothermal reservoir Emission of some rare gases at the Los Azufres, Mexico,geothermal reservoir |
| title |
Emission of some rare gases at the Los Azufres, Mexico,geothermal reservoir |
| spellingShingle |
Emission of some rare gases at the Los Azufres, Mexico,geothermal reservoir Suárez Arriaga, Mario César Gases raros helio argón evolución geoquímica reservorio geotérmico reinyección Los Azufres Mexico Rare gases helium argon geochemical evolution geothermal reservoir reinjection effects Los Azufres Mexico |
| title_short |
Emission of some rare gases at the Los Azufres, Mexico,geothermal reservoir |
| title_full |
Emission of some rare gases at the Los Azufres, Mexico,geothermal reservoir |
| title_fullStr |
Emission of some rare gases at the Los Azufres, Mexico,geothermal reservoir |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Emission of some rare gases at the Los Azufres, Mexico,geothermal reservoir |
| title_sort |
Emission of some rare gases at the Los Azufres, Mexico,geothermal reservoir |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv |
Suárez Arriaga, Mario César |
| author |
Suárez Arriaga, Mario César |
| author_facet |
Suárez Arriaga, Mario César |
| author_role |
author |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv |
Gases raros helio argón evolución geoquímica reservorio geotérmico reinyección Los Azufres Mexico Rare gases helium argon geochemical evolution geothermal reservoir reinjection effects Los Azufres Mexico |
| topic |
Gases raros helio argón evolución geoquímica reservorio geotérmico reinyección Los Azufres Mexico Rare gases helium argon geochemical evolution geothermal reservoir reinjection effects Los Azufres Mexico |
| description |
The chemistry of fluids in the Los Azufres, Mexico geothermal field originated from volcanic processes and is controlled by temperatures at depth, mineral solubility, pH values and mineral equilibrium. Vapor phase at this reservoir has an heterogeneous composition. It shows a wide range of non-condensible gases (NCG) concentration, which ranges between 1% and 9% of total gas weight in the steam phase. NCG are routinely measured in this reservoir and typically contain CO2, H2S, NH3, CH4, O2, H2, He, N2 and Ar; although there are also Ne, Kr and Xe, but these gases are not registered. Carbon dioxide is the major constituent found in the field, representing between 70% and 99% of total NCG weight. The highest CO2 content is found in shallow wells with high steam quality. H2S is the second most important gas, varying between 0.2% and 13% in the total weight. Simultaneously to fluid extraction, significant amounts of cold liquid and air are injected into the reservoir, modifying its natural geochemistry. Total gas concentration found in some wells are increased because of the extra amount of atmospheric N2 and Ar injected. The molar quotient N2/Ar has been falling with time reaching in some cases the same value as in the atmosphere. Both gases are pushing the NCG changing their natural spatial distribution. The thermodynamic effect of reinjection has been beneficial for the energy production and longevity of this geothermal field. Rare gases such as He and Ar measured in this field show a low, but general trend to increase when the corresponding wells are subjected to continuous production, with few unusual exceptions. Apparently, such increment is proportional to the amount of fluid extracted and to the time of extraction. But, in other cases, the dependence of both gases on production is not clear. In this paper the observed evolution and spatial distribution of NCG and of those two rare gases at the Los Azufres geothermal field are reported for the period 1981-1999. |
| publishDate |
2002 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2002-10-01 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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http://revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx/index.php/RGI/article/view/853 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2002.41.4.496 |
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http://revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx/index.php/RGI/article/view/853 |
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10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2002.41.4.496 |
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spa |
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spa |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
http://revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx/index.php/RGI/article/view/853/810 |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Geofísica |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Geofísica |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Geofisica Internacional; Vol. 41 No. 4 (2002): October 1, 2002; 467-474 Geofísica Internacional; Vol. 41 Núm. 4 (2002): Octubre 1, 2002; 467-474 2954-436X 0016-7169 10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2002.41.4 reponame:Geofísica Internacional instname:UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO instacron:UNAM |
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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO |
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UNAM |
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UNAM |
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Geofísica Internacional |
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Geofísica Internacional |
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1858175864399724544 |
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Emission of some rare gases at the Los Azufres, Mexico,geothermal reservoirEmission of some rare gases at the Los Azufres, Mexico,geothermal reservoirSuárez Arriaga, Mario CésarGases raroshelioargónevolución geoquímicareservorio geotérmicoreinyecciónLos AzufresMexicoRare gasesheliumargongeochemical evolutiongeothermal reservoirreinjection effectsLos AzufresMexicoThe chemistry of fluids in the Los Azufres, Mexico geothermal field originated from volcanic processes and is controlled by temperatures at depth, mineral solubility, pH values and mineral equilibrium. Vapor phase at this reservoir has an heterogeneous composition. It shows a wide range of non-condensible gases (NCG) concentration, which ranges between 1% and 9% of total gas weight in the steam phase. NCG are routinely measured in this reservoir and typically contain CO2, H2S, NH3, CH4, O2, H2, He, N2 and Ar; although there are also Ne, Kr and Xe, but these gases are not registered. Carbon dioxide is the major constituent found in the field, representing between 70% and 99% of total NCG weight. The highest CO2 content is found in shallow wells with high steam quality. H2S is the second most important gas, varying between 0.2% and 13% in the total weight. Simultaneously to fluid extraction, significant amounts of cold liquid and air are injected into the reservoir, modifying its natural geochemistry. Total gas concentration found in some wells are increased because of the extra amount of atmospheric N2 and Ar injected. The molar quotient N2/Ar has been falling with time reaching in some cases the same value as in the atmosphere. Both gases are pushing the NCG changing their natural spatial distribution. The thermodynamic effect of reinjection has been beneficial for the energy production and longevity of this geothermal field. Rare gases such as He and Ar measured in this field show a low, but general trend to increase when the corresponding wells are subjected to continuous production, with few unusual exceptions. Apparently, such increment is proportional to the amount of fluid extracted and to the time of extraction. But, in other cases, the dependence of both gases on production is not clear. In this paper the observed evolution and spatial distribution of NCG and of those two rare gases at the Los Azufres geothermal field are reported for the period 1981-1999.La química de los fluidos en el campo geotérmico de Los Azufres, México se originó a partir de procesos volcánicos y es controlada por temperaturas profundas, el pH, la solubilidad y el equilibrio minerales. En este reservorio la fase vapor es de composición heterogénea mostrando un rango amplio de concentraciones de gases no condensables (NCG), variando entre 1% y 9% del peso total del gas en la fase vapor. Los NCG medidos rutinariamente en este reservorio contienen típicamente CO2 , H2S, NH3 , CH4 , O2 , H2 , N2, He y Ar; también hay Ne, Kr y Xe, pero estos no se registran. El bióxido de carbono es el mayor componente encontrado en el campo, representando entre el 70% y el 99% del peso total de los NCG. El más alto contenido de CO2 se encuentra en pozos superficiales con alta calidad de vapor. El H2S es el segundo gas más importante, variando entre el 0.2% y 13% del peso total. Simultáneamente a la extracción del fluido, cantidades significativas de salmuera fría y aire se inyectan dentro del reservorio, modificando su geoquímica natural. La concentración total de gas encontrada en algunos pozos se está incrementando a causa de la cantidad extra de N2 y Ar atmosféricos inyectados. El cociente molar N2 /Ar ha estado decayendo con el tiempo alcanzando, en algunos casos, el mismo valor que en la atmósfera. Ambos gases están empujando a los NCG cambiando su distribución espacial natural. El efecto termodinámico de la reinyección ha sido beneficiosa para la producción de energía y la longevidad de este reservorio. Los gases raros como el He y el Ar medidos en este campo muestran una tendencia, pequeña, pero general, a crecer cuando los pozos correspondientes están sujetos a producción continua, con algunas excepciones inusuales. Aparentemente, tal incremento es proporcional a la cantidad de fluido extraído y al tiempo de extracción. En otros casos la dependencia de ambos gases en la producción no está clara. En este trabajo se reportan la evolución observada y la distribución espacial de los NCG y de dos gases raros en el campo geotérmico de Los Azufres para el período 1981-1999.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Geofísica2002-10-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx/index.php/RGI/article/view/85310.22201/igeof.00167169p.2002.41.4.496Geofisica Internacional; Vol. 41 No. 4 (2002): October 1, 2002; 467-474Geofísica Internacional; Vol. 41 Núm. 4 (2002): Octubre 1, 2002; 467-4742954-436X0016-716910.22201/igeof.00167169p.2002.41.4reponame:Geofísica Internacionalinstname:UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICOinstacron:UNAMspahttp://revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx/index.php/RGI/article/view/853/810https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:revistagi.geofisica.unam.mx:article/8532024-08-16T17:32:00Z |
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15.812429 |