Las angiospermas epífitas de Puebla
Epiphytes are plants that have developed diverse adaptations to live at least one stage of their life cycle on other plants (Phorophytes) without haustoria and they comprise between 9 to 10% of the global plant diversity. Whithin angiosperms, families of monocots with most epiphyte taxa are Orchidac...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis de maestría |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2014 |
| País: | México |
| Institución: | Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana |
| Repositorio: | Repositorio Institucional de la UAM Iztapalapa |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:bindani.izt.uam.mx:td96k265k |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doi.org/10.24275/uami.td96k265k |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Wild flowers -- Puebla (Mexico : Estado) info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Plants -- Puebla (Mexico : Estado) info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Plantas endémicas -- Puebla (México: Estado) info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Endemic plants -- Puebla (Mexico : Estado) info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Epífitas -- Puebla (México: Estado) info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Angiospermas -- Puebla (México: Estado) info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Flores silvestres -- Puebla (México: Estado) info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Angiosperms -- Puebla (Mexico : Estado) info:eu-repo/classification/cti/2 |
| Sumario: | Epiphytes are plants that have developed diverse adaptations to live at least one stage of their life cycle on other plants (Phorophytes) without haustoria and they comprise between 9 to 10% of the global plant diversity. Whithin angiosperms, families of monocots with most epiphyte taxa are Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae and Araceae, while to dicots are Piperaceae, Ericaceae and Melastomataceae; with respect to Pteridophytes, almost the 29% have the epphytic habit. Puebla state has an área of 34290 km², 217 municipalities and eight vegetation types, it has a high biodiversity, producof its complex biogeographic histoy and its high topographic and climatic heterogenity. Of the 19 biogeographic provinces in which Mexico has been divided, seven are present in the entity and it is estimated that a fifth of the angiosperms reported for the country are distributed here; however, lacks of a complete floristic inventory. The present study had as objetive to realiza the inventory of wild epiphyte angiosperm flora from Puebla state. To do this, we revised literatura related to the subject, we examined the specimens deposited in the following herbaria: AMO, ENCB, FCME, HUAP, MEXU, UAMIZ, and XAL, and we made several recollection trips to different zones of the state. Base don the obtained information, we report the presence of 18 families, 91 genera and 263 species of angiosperm epiphytes for the state. Of these. 65 genera and 196 species are monocots, while 26 and 69are dicots. The best represented families at the specific level are Orchidaceae (123), Bromeliaceae (56), and Piperaceae (29), while the most diverse genera are Tillandsia, Peperomia, and Epidendrum with 40, 29 y 15 taxa respectively. The vegetation type with highest percentage of epiphytes is the cloud forest (50%), followed by the Quercus forest (32%) and the tropical evergreen forest (21%). The main phorophytes genera were Quercus and Busera. The altitudinal interval in which we recorded the largest number of epiphytic species in between 1090 to 1700 m. The months in which we found the highest njmber of species in Bloom were april to july. The municipalities with greatest number of records and species are: Cuetzalan del Progreso with 138 and 59, Hueytamalco with 101 and 55 and Xicotepec with 92 y 51, respectively, while of 29 (13%) there is only one record and for 105 (48%) none. We report flor first time to the state 22 species, corresponding to the families Araceae (2), Bromeliaceae (7), Crassulaceae (1), Gesneriaceae (1), Orchidaceae (1), and Piperaceae (10). Of all the species reported in this study, 72 (27%) are endemic to Mexico, being Orchidaceae and Bromeliaceae the families with the greatest number, both with the greatest number, both with 31. Refering to included species in some category of protection, 16 are catalogued in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010; two corresponding to Bromeliaceae, two to Cactaceae, and 12 to Orchidaceae. The results show that Puebla is a state with high diversity of epiphytes, however, it is also a región whose vegetation has been severely affected by anthropogenic activities, so is necessary to carry out studies to know more about its flora and provide tolos to preserve it. |
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