| Sumario: | This article analyses the problem of exclusion in western In order to do this it undertakes a historical journey from antiquity to the Twentieth Century searching for the significance of this phenomenon in each stage. Thus, it argues that even if Greek, Roman, Medieval and Renaissance writers experience poverty and exclusion, they only dealt with them marginally. Not even the Enlightenment –says the author- leading to a universalizing project, tolerant and libertarian could avoid exclusions escaping its synthesizing effort. Modernization theory makes of poverty and exclusion central issues, but globalization processes become paramount. In contrast with everything else before, the problem of exclusion has been a central question throughout the Twentieth Century. Many scholars endorse a multicultural and inclusive approach to promote encounters between nations and cultures. Many arguments assist them. The significance of openness towards pluralism and tolerance is emphasized. A space for a negotiated co-existence is in itself a worthy case. In reference to the three types of citizenship identified by Marshall, the author pints at a fourth dimension: differentiated citizenship. Furthermore, rights are considered today more than mere attributes, assigned and sanctioned. The author concludes with a reflection about the Mexican case. He argues that is time to become a truly pluri-cultural nation, within which unity has to be assumed, considering our differences and the right to nourish them and develop ethnic identities, as well as the determination to share a common identity.
|
|---|
