Instrucción femenina, complementariedad e igualdad de los sexos. El ideal de la mujer moderna en España, 1868-1907
Studies on formal education for women is a field of research that has revealed a situation of women's permanent struggle to be recognized in the socio-political and economic context in the historical evolution. This struggle has represented processes of modernization of the role of women as a h...
| Autores: | , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2023 |
| País: | México |
| Institución: | Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas |
| Repositorio: | Repositorio Institucional Caxcán |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:http://ricaxcan.uaz.edu.mx:20.500.11845/3126 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://ricaxcan.uaz.edu.mx/jspui/handle/20.500.11845/3126 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS DE LA CONDUCTA [4] Instrucción femenina Regeneración social Mujer moderna Female education Social regeneration Modern woman |
| Sumario: | Studies on formal education for women is a field of research that has revealed a situation of women's permanent struggle to be recognized in the socio-political and economic context in the historical evolution. This struggle has represented processes of modernization of the role of women as a heterogeneous group and possessor of interests of various kinds. Historiographical discussions on the analysis of the presence and role of women in history and culture in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Spain are part of a broader and more complex movement: the struggle for feminism. Historical fact that places at the center of the dispute, the analysis and use of the dichotomous concept of the public / the private, and with it, the public utility / domestic utility in the historiography of women's education during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. For the specific case of Spain, the defenders and retractors of the intellectual, physical and moral singularities of women in the second half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, argued, based on arguments of the political ideals of republican liberalism and Krausism, the complementarity of the sexes, that is, men and women were necessary in the public life of the country, but certain restrictions were applied to women. In this sense, it was necessary to modernize public education projects for women, particularly for the middle class sector; a fraction ignored in the social assistance policy undertaken by the State to help the poor. One of the central premises of the government was that if this sector of the poor had access to professional and technical studies, the economic development of the country would be encouraged. In this context, Concepción Arenal, as an intellectual of that time, argued, in her vast literary work, that education was a means that molded the character and made women and men, people with general and essential qualities to guide their duty to be in three dimensions: moral, intellectual and physical, regardless of the chosen profession and social position. In this sense, education perfected men and women of all kinds, since education was a common good, that is, inclusive and humanizing. In her book, La mujer del porvenir published in 1869, she aspired to the modernization of three substantial elements: the concept of women, their social place in public life and their functions within the domestic space. For Arenal, a woman educated in a modern way was one who achieved personal and social autonomy. To have this attribute, she needed to know how to make use of her reason and her feelings in a harmonious way to maintain the prototype of woman-wife and woman-modern that the State demanded for the national regeneration and economic growth of Spain. Maintaining feminine qualities such as sweetness, tenderness, strength of spirit, self-denial, compassion, patience, philanthropy and charity, although they aspired to change, did not oppose the existing female stereotype, on the contrary, the middle-class woman who was instructed in a profession or prepared in a technical trade was the ideal of a woman of the future. |
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