Gypsophytes and the use of Martian Gypsum: A review of their potential for agriculture on Mars

Gypsophytes are plants that thrive on gypsum soils on Earth. They possess some adaptive traits that could constitute pre-adaptations to the conditions for potential cultivation in a controlled habitat on Mars. Martian agriculture should utilize substrates obtained directly from the planet itself. Ho...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: de Luis, Miguel, López-Pujol, Jordi, Mota, Juan Francisco, Merlo, Encarna, Álvarez-Jiménez, Julio, Aparicio Sánchez, Jose Ignacio, Bartolomé, Carmen, Ormö, Jens, Parro, Laura M.
Formato: reseña artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.inta.es:20.500.12666/1655
Acesso em linha:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214552425001087
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/1655
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Gypsophytes
Mars preadaptation
Gypsum
Martian agriculture
Plant ecology
Olympia undae
Mars polar caps
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spelling Gypsophytes and the use of Martian Gypsum: A review of their potential for agriculture on Marsde Luis, MiguelLópez-Pujol, JordiMota, Juan FranciscoMerlo, EncarnaÁlvarez-Jiménez, JulioAparicio Sánchez, Jose IgnacioBartolomé, CarmenOrmö, JensParro, Laura M.GypsophytesMars preadaptationGypsumMartian agriculturePlant ecologyOlympia undaeMars polar capsGypsophytes are plants that thrive on gypsum soils on Earth. They possess some adaptive traits that could constitute pre-adaptations to the conditions for potential cultivation in a controlled habitat on Mars. Martian agriculture should utilize substrates obtained directly from the planet itself. However, the detection of perchlorates in the soil of Mars raises doubts about this possibility. These molecules are distributed globally and in concentrations toxic to both humans and plants. The polar winds may preserve some Martian gypsum outcrops from the effects of perchlorates. If so, using this Martian gypsum as a growing substrate for gypsophytes may be a viable option. In the medium term, implementing gypsophyte adaptations on staple crops would also be possible using CRISPR-Cas9 and/or other gene-editing technologies. According to the literature reviewed, Gypsophila struthium subsp. struthium shows a high degree of colonization capacity and high resistance to drought. This taxon serves as an ecological facilitator for other species, and its germination appears to be favored by the presence of gypsum. Several experimental results suggest it would be worthwhile to test the cultivation of this and other plants on reliable simulants or Martian gypsum through sample return missions or on a mission that would perform the cultivation on Mars itself.J.O. was supported by grant PID2021-125883NB-C22 by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/State Agency of Research MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ‘ERDF A way of making Europe’. L.M.P. contribution was supported by the Margarita Salas postdoctoral grant funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities - NextGenerationEU and the CIAPOS/2022/066 postdoctoral grant (European Social Fund). Research and Transfer Plan of the University of Almería, funded by “Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación de la Junta de Andalucía” within the program 54A “Scientific Research and Innovation” and by ERDF Andalusia 2021-2027 Program, within the Specific Objective RSO1.1 "Developing and improving research and innovation capabilities and assimilating advanced technologies.”Abstract Keywords 1. Challenges regarding the development of agriculture on Mars 2. Towards a possible alternative 3. Findings from previous studies 4. Future perspectives CRediT authorship contribution statement Declaration of competing interest Acknowledgments ReferencesPeerreviewElsevier BVMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)Junta de Andalucía202620262025info:eu-repo/semantics/reviewhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bcinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214552425001087https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/1655reponame:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacialinstname:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)InglésIMPACTOS COSMICOS EN CUERPOS PLANETARIOS: EFECTOS DEL PROYECTIL Y OBJETIVO EN LA MORFOLOGIA DEL CRATER COMO INSTRUMENTOS PARA EVALUAR PALEO-AMBIENTES Y RIESGOS CATASTROFICOSAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.inta.es:20.500.12666/16552026-06-23T12:46:37Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Gypsophytes and the use of Martian Gypsum: A review of their potential for agriculture on Mars
title Gypsophytes and the use of Martian Gypsum: A review of their potential for agriculture on Mars
spellingShingle Gypsophytes and the use of Martian Gypsum: A review of their potential for agriculture on Mars
de Luis, Miguel
Gypsophytes
Mars preadaptation
Gypsum
Martian agriculture
Plant ecology
Olympia undae
Mars polar caps
title_short Gypsophytes and the use of Martian Gypsum: A review of their potential for agriculture on Mars
title_full Gypsophytes and the use of Martian Gypsum: A review of their potential for agriculture on Mars
title_fullStr Gypsophytes and the use of Martian Gypsum: A review of their potential for agriculture on Mars
title_full_unstemmed Gypsophytes and the use of Martian Gypsum: A review of their potential for agriculture on Mars
title_sort Gypsophytes and the use of Martian Gypsum: A review of their potential for agriculture on Mars
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv de Luis, Miguel
López-Pujol, Jordi
Mota, Juan Francisco
Merlo, Encarna
Álvarez-Jiménez, Julio
Aparicio Sánchez, Jose Ignacio
Bartolomé, Carmen
Ormö, Jens
Parro, Laura M.
author de Luis, Miguel
author_facet de Luis, Miguel
López-Pujol, Jordi
Mota, Juan Francisco
Merlo, Encarna
Álvarez-Jiménez, Julio
Aparicio Sánchez, Jose Ignacio
Bartolomé, Carmen
Ormö, Jens
Parro, Laura M.
author_role author
author2 López-Pujol, Jordi
Mota, Juan Francisco
Merlo, Encarna
Álvarez-Jiménez, Julio
Aparicio Sánchez, Jose Ignacio
Bartolomé, Carmen
Ormö, Jens
Parro, Laura M.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)
Junta de Andalucía
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Gypsophytes
Mars preadaptation
Gypsum
Martian agriculture
Plant ecology
Olympia undae
Mars polar caps
topic Gypsophytes
Mars preadaptation
Gypsum
Martian agriculture
Plant ecology
Olympia undae
Mars polar caps
description Gypsophytes are plants that thrive on gypsum soils on Earth. They possess some adaptive traits that could constitute pre-adaptations to the conditions for potential cultivation in a controlled habitat on Mars. Martian agriculture should utilize substrates obtained directly from the planet itself. However, the detection of perchlorates in the soil of Mars raises doubts about this possibility. These molecules are distributed globally and in concentrations toxic to both humans and plants. The polar winds may preserve some Martian gypsum outcrops from the effects of perchlorates. If so, using this Martian gypsum as a growing substrate for gypsophytes may be a viable option. In the medium term, implementing gypsophyte adaptations on staple crops would also be possible using CRISPR-Cas9 and/or other gene-editing technologies. According to the literature reviewed, Gypsophila struthium subsp. struthium shows a high degree of colonization capacity and high resistance to drought. This taxon serves as an ecological facilitator for other species, and its germination appears to be favored by the presence of gypsum. Several experimental results suggest it would be worthwhile to test the cultivation of this and other plants on reliable simulants or Martian gypsum through sample return missions or on a mission that would perform the cultivation on Mars itself.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/review
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_dcae04bc
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format review
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214552425001087
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/1655
url https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214552425001087
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12666/1655
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv IMPACTOS COSMICOS EN CUERPOS PLANETARIOS: EFECTOS DEL PROYECTIL Y OBJETIVO EN LA MORFOLOGIA DEL CRATER COMO INSTRUMENTOS PARA EVALUAR PALEO-AMBIENTES Y RIESGOS CATASTROFICOS
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
instname:Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)
instname_str Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)
reponame_str DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
collection DIGITAL.INTA Repositorio Digital del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial
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repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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