Effects of exercise and muscle remodeling on the concentration of serum biomarkers of the neuromuscular junction in young people
[eng] When the muscle is subjected to intense or unaccustomed exercise, particularly under eccentric contractions, an initial mechanical disruption occurs, triggering a process known as exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). This event is characterized by a transient reduction in muscle function and...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universidad de Barcelona |
| Repositorio: | Dipòsit Digital de la UB |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/228070 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/2445/228070 http://hdl.handle.net/10803/696980 |
| Access Level: | acceso embargado |
| Palabra clave: | Fisiologia de l'exercici Unió neuromuscular Lesions esportives Músculs Exercise physiology Myoneural junction Sports injuries Muscles |
| Sumario: | [eng] When the muscle is subjected to intense or unaccustomed exercise, particularly under eccentric contractions, an initial mechanical disruption occurs, triggering a process known as exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). This event is characterized by a transient reduction in muscle function and an increase in muscle-derived proteins concentration in the bloodstream. This thesis introduces, for the first time, the investigation of various neuromuscular status biomarkers following EIMD and during the subsequent remodeling process in healthy young adults. For this purpose, EIMD in the lower limbs was evaluated following several high-intensity exercise protocols, combining well-established biomarkers reported in the literature with novel indicators of synaptic function. The primary marker examined was the C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF), which serves as a biomarker of neuromuscular weakness at the level of motor innervation. Furthermore, the assessment of neurotrophic factors, considered indicators of reinnervation potential, will be incorporated into one of the experimental protocols. The present investigation comprises three independent studies, each aiming to characterize the secondary phase of EIMD over a 72-hour post-exercise period. Functional and biochemical markers were assessed in parallel with indicators of neuromuscular transmission. All protocols targeted lower-limb muscle function, with a specific focus on the hamstrings, muscle groups particularly susceptible to damage under conditions of accumulated fatigue and high-intensity effort. Study I investigated the acute response and subsequent remodeling following a competitive soccer match. Twenty amateur players were assessed over a 90-minute game, with multiple biochemical and neuromuscular markers evaluated pre-exercise and during the 72-hour recovery period. The findings revealed moderate muscle damage, with incomplete recovery at 72 hours. Notably, neuromuscular assessments indicated alterations in synaptic transmission persisting several days post-match. Study II explored the effects of a high-intensity interval sprint protocol (10 × 40 m) targeting the lower limbs in 30 healthy young adults (16 males, 14 females). Biochemical and functional markers were monitored over the following days and compared with baseline. Results showed mild muscle damage, with biochemical markers recovering within 48–72 hours; however, lower limb strength remained impaired at 72 hours. Neuromuscular function exhibited a declining trend, suggesting transient synaptic dysfunction. Study III examined the response to an isolated hamstring protocol using a conical pulley device. Thirty healthy participants (15 males, 15 females) completed 5 sets of 10 maximal-effort repetitions of the Russian belt deadlift. Post-exercise assessments revealed moderate muscle damage, characterized by significant elevations in biochemical markers and persistent deficits in muscle function at 72 hours. Unlike the previous protocols, neuromuscular indicators showed no notable changes in synaptic function. A sex-comparative analysis in Studies II and III revealed sex-based differences, with females exhibiting lower susceptibility to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), as evidenced by attenuated biochemical responses and comparable reductions in muscle function relative to males. |
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