Trabecular structure of the elbow reveals divergence in knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies of African apes

African apes engage in a distinct form of locomotion called knuckle-walking, but there is much ambiguity as to when and how this locomotor behaviour evolved. This study aims to elucidate potential differences in knuckle-walking elbow posture and loading in African apes through the study of trabecula...

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Autores: Arias-Martorell, Julia|||0000-0001-8110-2946, Zeininger, Angel, Kivell, Tracy L.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:249696
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/249696
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1111/evo.14354
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Bone functional adaptation
Joint posture
Hominoid
Locomotion
Chimpanzee
Gorilla
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spelling Trabecular structure of the elbow reveals divergence in knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies of African apesArias-Martorell, Julia|||0000-0001-8110-2946Zeininger, AngelKivell, Tracy L.Bone functional adaptationJoint postureHominoidLocomotionChimpanzeeGorillaAfrican apes engage in a distinct form of locomotion called knuckle-walking, but there is much ambiguity as to when and how this locomotor behaviour evolved. This study aims to elucidate potential differences in knuckle-walking elbow posture and loading in African apes through the study of trabecular bone. Using a whole-epiphysis approach, we quantified variation in trabecular structure of the distal humerus of chimpanzees, western lowland gorillas, and mountain gorillas in comparison to orang-utans, siamangs and a sample of Old and New World monkeys. Results demonstrate differences in the distribution of trabecular bone within the distal humerus that are consistent across taxa that habitually use a flexed-elbow posture in comparison to those that use an extended-elbow during locomotion. Western lowland gorillas show an extended-elbow pattern consistent with the straight forelimb position during knuckle-walking, whereas chimpanzees show a flexed-elbow pattern. Unexpectedly, mountain gorillas show an intermediate pattern between their western counterparts and chimpanzees. The differences found in elbow joint posture between chimpanzees and gorillas, and between gorilla species, point to diversification in the knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies among African apes, which has implications in the debate regarding the locomotor behaviour from which human bipedalism arose. 22021-01-0120212021-01-01Articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501AMhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://ddd.uab.cat/record/249696https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1111/evo.14354reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UABinstname:Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaInglésengEuropean Commission https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 703608European Commission https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 336301Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003030 BP0058European Commission https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 801370open accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Aquest material està protegit per drets d'autor i/o drets afins. Podeu utilitzar aquest material en funció del que permet la legislació de drets d'autor i drets afins d'aplicació al vostre cas. Per a d'altres usos heu d'obtenir permís del(s) titular(s) de drets.https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ddd.uab.cat:2496962026-06-06T12:50:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Trabecular structure of the elbow reveals divergence in knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies of African apes
title Trabecular structure of the elbow reveals divergence in knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies of African apes
spellingShingle Trabecular structure of the elbow reveals divergence in knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies of African apes
Arias-Martorell, Julia|||0000-0001-8110-2946
Bone functional adaptation
Joint posture
Hominoid
Locomotion
Chimpanzee
Gorilla
title_short Trabecular structure of the elbow reveals divergence in knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies of African apes
title_full Trabecular structure of the elbow reveals divergence in knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies of African apes
title_fullStr Trabecular structure of the elbow reveals divergence in knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies of African apes
title_full_unstemmed Trabecular structure of the elbow reveals divergence in knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies of African apes
title_sort Trabecular structure of the elbow reveals divergence in knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies of African apes
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Arias-Martorell, Julia|||0000-0001-8110-2946
Zeininger, Angel
Kivell, Tracy L.
author Arias-Martorell, Julia|||0000-0001-8110-2946
author_facet Arias-Martorell, Julia|||0000-0001-8110-2946
Zeininger, Angel
Kivell, Tracy L.
author_role author
author2 Zeininger, Angel
Kivell, Tracy L.
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Bone functional adaptation
Joint posture
Hominoid
Locomotion
Chimpanzee
Gorilla
topic Bone functional adaptation
Joint posture
Hominoid
Locomotion
Chimpanzee
Gorilla
description African apes engage in a distinct form of locomotion called knuckle-walking, but there is much ambiguity as to when and how this locomotor behaviour evolved. This study aims to elucidate potential differences in knuckle-walking elbow posture and loading in African apes through the study of trabecular bone. Using a whole-epiphysis approach, we quantified variation in trabecular structure of the distal humerus of chimpanzees, western lowland gorillas, and mountain gorillas in comparison to orang-utans, siamangs and a sample of Old and New World monkeys. Results demonstrate differences in the distribution of trabecular bone within the distal humerus that are consistent across taxa that habitually use a flexed-elbow posture in comparison to those that use an extended-elbow during locomotion. Western lowland gorillas show an extended-elbow pattern consistent with the straight forelimb position during knuckle-walking, whereas chimpanzees show a flexed-elbow pattern. Unexpectedly, mountain gorillas show an intermediate pattern between their western counterparts and chimpanzees. The differences found in elbow joint posture between chimpanzees and gorillas, and between gorilla species, point to diversification in the knuckle-walking biomechanical strategies among African apes, which has implications in the debate regarding the locomotor behaviour from which human bipedalism arose.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2
2021-01-01
2021
2021-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
AM
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://ddd.uab.cat/record/249696
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1111/evo.14354
url https://ddd.uab.cat/record/249696
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1111/evo.14354
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv European Commission https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 703608
European Commission https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 336301
Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003030 BP0058
European Commission https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 801370
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
instname:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
instname_str Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
collection Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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