Double-cropping, tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions

Double-cropping is increasingly embraced for its economic advantages in irrigated crops within the Ebro Valley region. However, the implications of this practice for soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the impact of legume-maize...

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Autores: Fernandez-Ortega, Jesús, Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge, Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Institución:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
Repositorio:Repositori Obert UdL
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/464801
Acceso en línea:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108758
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/464801
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:GHG emissions
Double-cropping system
Legume
Maize
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spelling Double-cropping, tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil CO2 and CH4 emissionsFernandez-Ortega, JesúsÁlvaro-Fuentes, JorgeCantero-Martínez, CarlosGHG emissionsDouble-cropping systemLegumeMaizeDouble-cropping is increasingly embraced for its economic advantages in irrigated crops within the Ebro Valley region. However, the implications of this practice for soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the impact of legume-maize double-cropping on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions and to identify optimal tillage systems and nitrogen fertilization rates for enhancing soil carbon budget. Conducted in Agramunt (NE Spain), the research transformed a long-term tillage and nitrogen fertilization field experiment initiated in 1996 under rainfed conditions. It transitioned into a maize monocrop system in 2015 and a diversification experiment in 2018. Maize monocrop was compared to a legume-maize double-cropping with two tillage systems (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and three mineral nitrogen fertilization rates (zero, medium and high). The legumes used were pea for grain (2019), vetch for green manure (2020) and vetch for forage (2021). The use of legumes in the double-cropping system had a significant impact on CO2 fluxes. CO2 emissions in the double-cropping ranged from 250 to 8070 mg CO2-C m−2 day−1, while in the monocropping, the fluxes were in the range of 150–5790 mg CO2-C m−2 day−1. Due to the higher biomass production and extended crop cycle in the double-cropping, along with increased residue decomposition due to the higher amount of residue provided, the cumulative CO2 emissions were higher in the double-cropping. Within the double-cropping, the response of cumulative soil CO2 emissions to tillage depended on the legume used and residue management. For legumes with a low nitrogen content, conventional tillage resulted in lower cumulative CO2 emissions, while for legumes with a high nitrogen content, the lowest emissions were observed in the no-tillage system. The increased incorporation of crop residues in the combined approach of double-cropping and no-tillage led to a greater net ecosystem carbon budget, reaching 1960 kg C ha−1. However, the use of high or medium nitrogen fertilization rates did not have a significant impact on CO2 emissions or the net ecosystem carbon budget. Cumulative soil CH4 emissions were only affected by soil tillage in 2019 and 2021, with greater net CH4 uptake under no-tillage compared with conventional tillage. This work underlines the importance of using legume-maize double-cropping together with no-tillage and N fertilization reduction to control the soil CO2 and CH4 emission yields, while maintaining crop yields under Mediterranean conditions.The authors would like to thank Carlos Cortés and Silvia Martí for laboratory and field assistance. This research work was financially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (project AGL2017-84529-C3-3-R; PhD fellowship PRE2018-084610).Elsevier2024info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108758https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/464801reponame:Repositori Obert UdL instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AGL2017-84529-C3-3-RVersió postprint del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108758Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2024, vol. 359, núm. 108758, p.1-14https://doi.org/10.34810/data3216cc-by-nc-nd, (c) Fernández-Ortega et al., 2023Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/4648012026-06-24T12:42:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Double-cropping, tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions
title Double-cropping, tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions
spellingShingle Double-cropping, tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions
Fernandez-Ortega, Jesús
GHG emissions
Double-cropping system
Legume
Maize
title_short Double-cropping, tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions
title_full Double-cropping, tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions
title_fullStr Double-cropping, tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions
title_full_unstemmed Double-cropping, tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions
title_sort Double-cropping, tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fernandez-Ortega, Jesús
Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
author Fernandez-Ortega, Jesús
author_facet Fernandez-Ortega, Jesús
Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
author_role author
author2 Álvaro-Fuentes, Jorge
Cantero-Martínez, Carlos
author2_role author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv GHG emissions
Double-cropping system
Legume
Maize
topic GHG emissions
Double-cropping system
Legume
Maize
description Double-cropping is increasingly embraced for its economic advantages in irrigated crops within the Ebro Valley region. However, the implications of this practice for soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the impact of legume-maize double-cropping on soil CO2 and CH4 emissions and to identify optimal tillage systems and nitrogen fertilization rates for enhancing soil carbon budget. Conducted in Agramunt (NE Spain), the research transformed a long-term tillage and nitrogen fertilization field experiment initiated in 1996 under rainfed conditions. It transitioned into a maize monocrop system in 2015 and a diversification experiment in 2018. Maize monocrop was compared to a legume-maize double-cropping with two tillage systems (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and three mineral nitrogen fertilization rates (zero, medium and high). The legumes used were pea for grain (2019), vetch for green manure (2020) and vetch for forage (2021). The use of legumes in the double-cropping system had a significant impact on CO2 fluxes. CO2 emissions in the double-cropping ranged from 250 to 8070 mg CO2-C m−2 day−1, while in the monocropping, the fluxes were in the range of 150–5790 mg CO2-C m−2 day−1. Due to the higher biomass production and extended crop cycle in the double-cropping, along with increased residue decomposition due to the higher amount of residue provided, the cumulative CO2 emissions were higher in the double-cropping. Within the double-cropping, the response of cumulative soil CO2 emissions to tillage depended on the legume used and residue management. For legumes with a low nitrogen content, conventional tillage resulted in lower cumulative CO2 emissions, while for legumes with a high nitrogen content, the lowest emissions were observed in the no-tillage system. The increased incorporation of crop residues in the combined approach of double-cropping and no-tillage led to a greater net ecosystem carbon budget, reaching 1960 kg C ha−1. However, the use of high or medium nitrogen fertilization rates did not have a significant impact on CO2 emissions or the net ecosystem carbon budget. Cumulative soil CH4 emissions were only affected by soil tillage in 2019 and 2021, with greater net CH4 uptake under no-tillage compared with conventional tillage. This work underlines the importance of using legume-maize double-cropping together with no-tillage and N fertilization reduction to control the soil CO2 and CH4 emission yields, while maintaining crop yields under Mediterranean conditions.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108758
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/464801
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108758
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/464801
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AGL2017-84529-C3-3-R
Versió postprint del document publicat a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108758
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2024, vol. 359, núm. 108758, p.1-14
https://doi.org/10.34810/data3216
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc-by-nc-nd, (c) Fernández-Ortega et al., 2023
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv cc-by-nc-nd, (c) Fernández-Ortega et al., 2023
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositori Obert UdL
instname:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
instname_str Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
reponame_str Repositori Obert UdL
collection Repositori Obert UdL
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